内蒙古十大孔兑对黄河干流水沙及冲淤的影响  

Effect of the Ten Major Tributaries in the Inner Mongolia on Runoff and Sediment Load as well as Sedimentation in the Main Stream of the Yellow River

作　　者：吴保生[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《人民黄河》2014年第10期5-8,共4页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2011CB403304);水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室开放课题(201303);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAB02B02)

摘　　要：分析了内蒙古十大孔兑来沙对黄河干流水沙条件变化及对干流河道冲淤的影响。结果表明:十大孔兑来沙使得三湖河口—头道拐河段1953—1968年、1969—1986年、1987—2010年3个时段的年平均含沙量分别增大13.6%、26.8%、55.6%,年平均来沙系数分别增大13.9%、29.0%、57.6%;1953—1986年三湖河口来沙和十大孔兑来沙造成三湖河口—头道拐河段的年均淤积量分别为0.157亿t和0.088亿t,相应淤积比分别为11.1%和36.7%,1987—2010年年均淤积量分别为0.190亿t和0.139亿t,相应淤积比分别为36.9%和50.2%。总的来讲,十大孔兑来沙使得三湖河口—头道拐河段的水沙条件进一步恶化,十大孔兑来沙的淤积比大于三湖河口来沙的淤积比,而且随上游来水量的不断减少,十大孔兑来沙的影响越来越显著。Effects of the ten major tributaries in the Inner Mongolia on variations of runoff and sediment load conditions as well as erosion and sedi-mentation in the main stream of the Yellow River were analyzed. Results show that the sediment load from the ten major tributaries causes an increase of 13. 6% ,26. 8% and 55. 6% in annual average sediment concentration entering into the reach from Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai;and an increase of 13. 9% ,29. 0% and 57. 6% in annual average incoming sediment coefficient in time periods of 1953 -1968,1969 - 1986 and 1987 - 2010 respec-tively. Sediment loads from Sanhuhekou and the ten major tributaries in the time period of 1953 - 1986 cause an amount of sedimentation of 15. 7million tons and 8. 8 million t and the corresponding sedimentation ratios are 11. 1% and 36. 7% respectively. In the period of 1987 -2010,the a-mount of sedimentation is 19. 0 million t and 1. 39 million t and the corresponding sedimentation ratios are 36. 9% and 50. 2% respectively. In gener-al,the sediment loads from the ten major tributaries cause water and sediment conditions entering the reach from Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai to deterio-rate further. The sedimentation ratio of the sediment load from the ten major tributaries is bigger than that of the sediment load from Sanhuhekou. As runoff from the upstream decreases gradually,the effect of sediment load from the ten major tributaries becomes more and more significant.

关 键 词：十大孔兑 来沙系数 河道冲淤 内蒙古河段 黄河上游 

分 类 号：TV14[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]