大型制鞋和电子行业有机溶剂职业危害和防护措施分析  

Analysis of organic solvent hazards and protective measures in the large shoes making factories and electronic industries

作　　者：李旭东[1] 苏世标[1] 邹剑明[1] 陈建雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院职业病防治重点实验室,广东广州510030

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2014年第5期355-358,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

基　　金：广东省科技计划省国际合作项目(2011B050700001);广东省医学科研项目(A2010050;A2012071);2013年度广东省安全生产科技攻关项目;广东省职业病防治院课题(Z201005)

摘　　要：目的分析大型制鞋和电子行业有机溶剂危害及防控措施。方法利用职业卫生调查、职业病危害因素检测等方法识别和检测各岗位有机溶剂暴露情况,并对各岗位采取的职业病防护措施进行分析。结果制鞋企业有机溶剂为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷、丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、乙酸乙酯,电子企业接触的有机溶剂为苯、二甲苯、正己烷、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、甲醇和异丙醇等。通过低毒代替高毒,局部抽排风等工艺、工程和管理措施,除制鞋企业贴底处理岗位丁酮8 h时间加权平均浓度(CTWA)为302.13 mg/m3和配料房配料岗位乙酸乙酯短时间接触浓度(CSTEL)为378.5 mg/m3外,其余岗位职业病危害因素均低于职业接触限值。结论大型制鞋和电子行业有机溶剂危害可通过工艺措施、工程措施、个人防护措施和管理措施进行有效防护。Objective To analyze the organic solvent hazards and protective measures in the large shoes making factories and electronic industries. Methods Occupational health survey and hazards detection were used to detect the organic solvent exposure of each position, and to analyze the effect of occupational protective measures. Results The organic solvents in the shoes making factory were benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and eyelohexanone, and there were benzene, xylene, hexane, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and isopropanol in the electronic industry. The control measures on occupational hazards were taken including low toxics instead and local exhaust air. CTWA of butanone was 302. 13 mg/m^3 at the position of posted processing in shoes making factories, and CSTEL of ethyl acetate was 378.5 mg/m^3 at the position of ingredients in ingredients room , the others were all lower than occupational exposure limits. Conclusion Organic solvent hazards in the large shoes making factories and electronic industries can be controlled by the effective measures such as technology , engineering, personal protection and management.

关 键 词：制鞋行业 电子行业 职业危害 防护措施 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]