基于单片机控制的变域喷洒喷头水力性能试验  

Hydraulic performance experiment of variable wetting sprinkler based on single-chip microcomputer

作　　者：陈超[1] 汤玲迪[1] 顾哲[1] 汤跃[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学流体机械工程技术研究中心,镇江212013

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第18期116-122,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展项目(863计划)(2011AA100506);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20140565);江苏省农业支撑计划资助项目(BE2012385);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：为解决变域喷洒喷头能耗过高、喷头节能效果不理想的问题，设计了基于单片机的控制器调控水泵转速，改变喷头工作压力，实现变域喷洒，研究喷头实现方形域喷洒时的水力性能和能耗。结果表明：方形域喷头工作压力实测值为107～225kPa，能精确响应设计规律；实测射程变化范围为7.6～10.1m，最短射程为最长射程的0.75倍，射程变化满足方形域喷洒要求；方形域喷洒实现程度的系数为97.2%，高于使用节流装置的方形域喷洒喷头；平均喷灌强度为2.8mm/h，最高组合均匀度系数达77.7%，最佳组合间距为13～14m，组合均匀度和组合间距与185kPa时圆形域喷头一致。方形域喷洒比圆形域喷洒的能耗低30.3%。该研究可为变域喷洒提供一种低能耗的新模式。Low pressure spraying and precise irrigation are both the important directions for the development of sprinkler equipments. Variable range sprinkler can adjust the wetted radius according to the crop distribution or field shape, realize precise spraying and decrease the energy consumption of sprinklers simultaneously, and thus accord with the developing directions for sprinkler equipments. Traditional variable range sprinklers often use the flow regulation devices to change the working pressure of the sprinkler to realize variable range spraying, however, the flow regulation devices losses hydraulic energy, leading to excessive energy consumption for variable range spraying. An open loop sprinkler irrigation system was established using the controller based on the single chip microcomputer （SCM） to solve the problem. The SCM controller was used to control the frequency output of the converter to the pump unit, in this way, the rotating speed of the pump and the working pressure of the sprinkler could be changed accordingly. As the SCM controller changed the working pressure, the wetted radius of the sprinkler changed, realizing the variable range spraying. The hydraulic performances and energy consumption of the sprinkler was investigated when the sprinkler irrigation system sprayed a square wetted area using the lawn sprinkler TORO S800. The results showed that the measured working pressure for spraying square wetted area ranged from 107 to 225 kPa, responding accurately to the theoretical curves; the wetted radius ranged from 7.6 to 10.1 m, which means that the shortest wetted radius was 0.75 times of the maximum one, meeting the requirement of square wetted area spraying; The coefficient realizing square area spraying was 97.2% in this study, higher than that （89.7% and 86.9%） using the square wetted area sprinklers with flow regulation devices; the average water application of the low energy sprinkler irrigation system was 2.8 mm/h and the maximum combination distribution uniformity of sprinkler irrig

关 键 词：喷头 节能 灌溉 变域喷洒 变压供水 水力性能 低能耗 喷灌 

分 类 号：S277.94[农业科学—农业水土工程]