废水厌氧处理反应器功能拓展研究进展  

Multifunctional role of anaerobic reactors in wastewater treatment

作　　者：徐恒[1] 汪翠萍[1] 王凯军[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第18期238-248,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51278271);清华大学自主科研计划(20121087922)

摘　　要：废水厌氧处理技术自从1860年左右开始得到快速发展,尤其是高效厌氧反应器的研发,使得其应用范围逐步由传统温和的环境和水质条件转向各种极端条件。然而,一般认为厌氧反应器的目标主要还停留在实现废水中有机污染物的甲烷化与高效去除层面,功能比较单一。在实际厌氧反应器中,其他污染物如氮、硫等同样得到不同程度的去除;此外,厌氧反应器的其他新型功能拓展研究也逐步受到关注。然而,目前这些研究大多数围绕着某一个特定研究点展开,相对独立,其研究现状和应用效果缺乏系统的汇总与梳理。该文一方面对厌氧处理技术的发展和厌氧反应器传统功能研究现状进行归纳;另一方面着重对其实现脱硫、脱氮、除磷、除钙软化以及原位沼气提纯等拓展功能的作用原理和过程特点进行综述,以达到系统解析厌氧反应器在废水处理中多重功能作用的目的。同时,该文在综述过程中发现目前多功能厌氧反应器在构型、运行参数、耦合模型构建与调控等方面的研究存在严重不足,难以保证反应器整体性能最优化。通过综述废水厌氧处理反应器功能拓展研究进展可能会对厌氧处理技术进一步发展以及新型多功能厌氧反应器研发有着一定的借鉴意义。Since 1860, anaerobic technology has undergone rapid development, particularly with the invention of the high-rate anaerobic reactors, and has been widely applied in treating different types of wastewater under extreme environmental conditions. However, the major functional role of anaerobic reactors is generally considered to be removing organic pollutants via methanogenesis. In fact, the actual reactions involved in anaerobic reactors are extremely complex, which also have positive effects on removing inorganic pollutants （N, P, S, etc.）. The performance of the removal of inorganic pollutants could be further enhanced by ex-situ/in-situ methods. Recent studies also showed that calcium removal for water softening and in-situ biogas upgrading could be achieved through anaerobic reactors. Nevertheless, the research work of the above-mentioned field has appeared to be relatively independent and scattered so far. First, in this paper, the state of the art of anaerobic wastewater treatment and the traditional role of anaerobic reactors are summarized. Then, the expanded roles of anaerobic reactors in desulfurization, denitrification, phosphorus removal, softening treatment, and in-situ biogas upgrading were elaborately reviewed in terms of their feasibility and process description. A major problem for the anaerobic treatment of sulfate-contaminated wastewater is the production of hydrogen sulfide （H2S）, which greatly inhibits the methanogenesis process. The introduction of the biological sulfide oxidation step could not only reduce sulfide toxicity, but could also recover sulfur in the form of the insoluble elemental sulfur. As for denitrification, the integration of methanogenesis with the traditional denitrification process or even the novel anaerobic ammonium oxidation （ANAMMOX） process has been proven to be able to remove organic pollutants and ammonia simultaneously. Phosphorus removal by physico-chemical and/or biological methods was also demonstrated in the anaerobic reactors; however, the involved

关 键 词：废水 污染 功能 厌氧反应器 功能拓展 无机污染物 除钙软化 原位沼气提纯 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能] X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]