厌氧/缺氧/好氧生物接触氧化处理低碳氮比污水的物料平衡  

Material balance of anaerobic-poor oxygen-aerobiotic biological contact oxidation process treating sewage with low carbon/nitrogen ratio

作　　者：王聪[1] 王淑莹[1] 张淼[1] 唐裕芳[1] 曾薇[1] 彭永臻[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学北京市水质科学与水环境恢复工程重点实验室,北京100124

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第19期273-281,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2012AA063406)

摘　　要：为了提高低碳氮比污水的治理效果，提出了厌氧/缺氧/好氧-生物接触氧化脱氮除磷工艺（anaerobic anoxicoxic-biological contact oxidation，A2/O-BCO），研究了该工艺处理生活污水的脱氮除磷性能，建立了该系统处理过程的碳（以化学需氧量计，chemical oxygen demand，COD）、氮、磷的物料衡算公式，同时分析评价了不同硝化液回流比（100%，200%，300%，400%）下各指标的物料平衡情况。结果表明，该工艺在充分利用原水碳源、深度脱氮除磷方面具有较强的优势，系统COD主要在A2/O中厌氧段被利用，通过反硝化聚磷菌反硝化除磷脱氮；系统COD的物料衡算公式平衡百分比分别为96.4%、99.6%、98.7%和98.3%，氮的物料衡算公式平衡百分比分别为99.7%、98.2%、99.2%和96.5%，磷的物料衡算公式平衡百分比分别为92.0%、98.1%、93.3%和90.4%；荧光原位杂交表明生物膜中有厌氧氨氧化菌存在，且其数量占全菌比例的0.6%~2.7%，生物接触氧化的氮损失可能是由于发生了厌氧氨氧化反应；在硝化液回流比为300%时，系统氮、磷去除效果最好，出水达到国家城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准一级A标准。该研究有助于更好地理解和分析工艺系统有机物、氮和磷的分布及变化情况，并且为评价试验数据的可靠性以及数学模型的建立提供了理论依据和指导，能更好地推广到分散型、量小且日变化系数较大的农村生活污水的治理事业中。Increasingly stringent discharge standards make it necessary to research and develop a new processes that have the advantages of relatively high efficiency, less land occupation, investigated savings, easy management, and maintenance for nutrient removal from the domestic sewage. An enhanced denitrifying phosphorus removal system was developed to treat domestic sewage, especially for the sewage with comparatively low carbon source and high nitrogen and phosphorus concentration. The system included an integrating anaerobic/anoxic/oxic （A2/O） reactor and a biological contact oxidation （BCO） （A2/O-BCO for short）. The A2/O unit consisted of four compartments in sequence with a working volume of 40L. It was mainly used for the removal of organic compounds and nutrients without ammonium oxidation, while the BCO unit was mainly responsible for nitrification. The BCO unit, with 24L working volume, consisted of three compartments in sequence, where suspended carriers were filled in it, with packing rates of 45% in each zone. The removal of biological nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） were investigated in an A2/O-BCO nitrogen and phosphorus removal process when treating domestic sewage. The experiment was carried out with the influent flow at a rate of 5L/h, total hydraulic retention time （HRT） of A2O about 8 h, sludge reflux ratio of 100%, sludge retention time （SRT） of 12d, MLSS maintained at 3500 mg/L, total HRT of BCO about 1.9 h, DO should be controlled within a reasonable range, and nitrate recycling ratios were set as 100%, 200%, 300%, and 400%respectively. Based on the experimental data under steady state operating conditions of different nitrate recycling ratios, the equations for calculating material balances of COD, nitrogen, and phosphate were established. These three material distributions in the system were also evaluated. The result indicated that the process has an advantage of making full use of the raw water carbon and removing biological nitrogen and phosphorus deeply. With the

关 键 词：污水 脱氮 污水处理 A2/O-生物接触氧化工艺 脱氮除磷 物料平衡 硝化液回流比 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]