玉米秸秆及相关废弃物对黑土腐殖质结合形态的影响  

Effects of Maize Straw and Its Related Wastes on the Combined States of Humus in Black Soil

作　　者：赵欣宇[1] 吴景贵[1] 李建明[1] 宋金红[1] 冯娜娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第5期193-198,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"松辽平原区农牧结合循环生产技术集成研究与示范项目"(2012BAD14B05);国家科技支撑计划项目"东北与黄淮海粮食主产区适应气候变化技术研发与应用"(2013BAC09B01);吉林省科技厅重点科技成果转化项目"高效多功能夹心肥料的示范与推广"(20130303035NY)

摘　　要：通过3年盆栽试验,系统研究施用玉米秸秆及相关废弃物后黑土腐殖质结合形态含量及其组成的变化。结果表明,秸秆直接配施化肥(MS+NPK)、牛粪配施化肥(秸秆作为饲料养牛,CM+NPK)、菌渣配施化肥(秸秆培养食用菌,FD+NPK)3种处理的松结态腐殖质含量及其H/F比值始终显著高于对照(CK)及单施化肥(NPK),有利于增强土壤养分的供应能力。CK和NPK处理联结态腐殖质含量3年持续降低,而3种配施处理呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,更有利于联结态腐殖质的积累。各处理对土壤稳结态腐殖质及其HA、FA含量的影响无明显差异,受施肥影响较小。与CK和NPK处理相比,3种配施处理紧结态腐殖质含量逐年降低,促进土壤腐殖质的活化;同时它们的松/紧比值逐年增加,可提高腐殖质的品质。综上,玉米秸秆及相关废弃物与化肥配施能够一定程度改善土壤腐殖质结合形态含量及其组成的性质,产生良好的培肥效果,其中以秸秆、牛粪较好,菌渣次之。A three-year pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of maize straw and its related wastes on the combined states of humus in black soil.The experiment included five treatments：Zero fertilization（CK）,chemical fertilizers alone（NPK）,combined application of maize straw and chemical fertilizer（MS＋NPK）,combined application of cow manure and chemical fertilizer（CM＋NPK）,combined application of fungus dregs and chemical fertilizer（FD＋NPK）.The main results were as follow：Compared with CK and NPK treatment,the content of soil loosely combined humus and H/F ratio significantly increased in the three organic matter application treatments,to enhance the supply capacity of soil nutrients.The content of unitedly combined humus of CK and NPK treatment reduced continuously in three years,but the three organic matter application treatments first increased and then decreased,might be more conducive to the accumulation of humus.The contents of stably combined humus or HA and FA were relatively stable and less affected by fertilization.Compared to CK and NPK treatment,the tightly combined humus of the three organic matter application treatments reduced year by year,soil humus had been activated,while the ratio of loosely and tightly increased year by year,to improve the quality of humus.In summary,maize straw and its related wastes with chemical fertilizers were beneficial to the improvement of the content and composition of the combined states of humus in black soil,had produced good fertilizer effect,which straw and cow manure better,mushroom dreg followed.

关 键 词：有机培肥 玉米秸秆 黑土 腐殖质结合形态 HA和FA 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] X712[农业科学—农业基础科学]