缺钾对油菜主序产量性状的影响及施钾效果  

Effects of Potassium Deficiency on Yield Characters in Terminal Raceme of Oilseed Rape and Potassium Fertilizer Application Effect

作　　者：刘秀秀[1] 鲁剑巍[1] 王寅[1] 张洋洋[1] 汪洋[1] 任涛[1] 李小坤[1] 丛日环[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《土壤》2014年第5期875-880,共6页Soils

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203013);国家油菜产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2013PY113);长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT1247);国际植物营养研究所合作项目(Hubei–35)资助

摘　　要：在大田试验条件下设置施钾(+K)与不施钾(–K)处理,研究缺钾土壤上施钾对油菜产量的影响,并重点研究主序不同部位产量性状对施钾反应的差异。结果表明,缺钾土壤上施用钾肥油菜产量显著提高,增产量为1 321 kg/hm2,增产率达111%,同时单株角果数和每角粒数显著增加,增幅分别达50.1%和9.2%。施钾显著提高单株主序籽粒重、单株主序角果数和每角粒数,增幅分别为33.6%、21.6%和10.3%。施钾对主序不同部位籽粒重、角果数和每角粒数的提高程度不同,其中对主序上部的影响显著大于主序中下部;与不施钾相比,施钾主序上部籽粒重、角果数和每角粒数分别提高69.6%、41.7%和20.1%,该序段相应的钾积累量提高124.4%。综合结果表明,钾肥施用显著提高油菜籽产量,主要途径是增加了角果数和每角粒数,从油菜果序产量性状看,钾素对果序上部的影响显著大于果序中下部。A field experiment with two potassium fertilizer treatments （-K and ＋K） was conducted to study the effects of potassium fertilizer application on oilseed rape yield under condition of potassium deficiency with focus on the different effects of potassium fertilizer application on different location of terminal raceme. The results showed that oilseed rape yield increased significantly when potassium fertilizer was applied to potassium deficiency soil, the increment was 1 321 kg/hm2 with the increase rate was 111%, pods per plant and seeds per pod increased significantly by 50.1% and 9.2% in the meantime, respectively. The potassium fertilizer improved seed weight of terminal raceme, pods per terminal raceme and seeds per pod increased by 33.6%, 21.6% and 10.3%, respectively. The enhancement of seed weight, pods and seeds per pod were different in different locations of terminal raceme, the effects of potassium fertilizer on the upper of terminal raceme was much better than the middle and lower position. Compared to the no potassium treatment, the seed weight, pods and seeds per pod in the upper of terminal raceme increased by 69.6%, 41.7% and 20.1%, respectively, and the potassium content increased by 124.4% correspondingly. All the results proved that potassium fertilizer application improved oilseed rape yield by enhancing pods and seeds per pod, and the effects of potassium fertilizer performed best in the upper of the infructescence if viewed from the yield characters of the infructescence.

关 键 词：油菜 主序 钾 产量性状 

分 类 号：S143.3[农业科学—肥料学]