^(15)N示踪控释氮肥的氮肥利用率及去向研究  

Nitrogen Recovery and Fate of Polymer Coated ^(15)N-urea Fertilizers under Corn-Wheat Rotation

作　　者：隋常玲[1,2] 张民[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家缓控释肥工程技术研究中心,作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [2]遵义师范学院生命科学学院,贵州遵义563002

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2014年第9期120-127,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD11B01;2011BAD11B02);国家"948"项目(2011-G30);贵州省科学技术基金(黔科合J字[2012]2342号;黔科合J字LKZS[2012]22号)

摘　　要：选用15 N同位素标记的新型回收塑料包膜控释肥和大颗粒尿素,采用池栽试验研究夏玉米-冬小麦轮作体系中肥料氮的去向及利用率。结果表明,整个轮作体系中,控释肥处理(PCU)作物吸收的肥料氮为241.03kg/hm2,高于尿素处理(Urea)的211.02kg/hm2。控释肥处理施用的肥料氮主要残留在0~40cm土层,而尿素处理则残留在0~60cm土层,控释肥延缓了肥料氮向土壤深层迁移的趋势。在夏玉米和冬小麦轮作体系中,控释肥处理的氮肥利用率(32.86%,32.47%)高于尿素处理(28.23%,30.16%)。在冬小麦季,控释肥处理损失率相比尿素处理从36.07%降至28.75%,而夏玉米季,控释肥处理损失率相比尿素处理从37.17%降至29.50%。玉米季控释肥处理与尿素处理差异不显著,但在冬小麦季控释肥处理的产量显著高于尿素处理。因此,在玉米和小麦整个生长季,新型回收塑料包膜控释肥的养分释放与作物养分需求吻合,既提高氮肥利用率,也降低了肥料氮的损失。A pool experiment was conducted to study the fate and use efficiency of 15N labeled urea and a newly developed polymer coated urea （PCU） on an Argosols in Shandong province, on processing a corn （Zea mays L. ）-winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L. ） rotation systems in 2009 and 2010. Plant N uptake of corn and wheat from PCU derived N was higher than that from urea derived N （241.03 kg/hm^2 and 211.02 kg/hm^2）. For wheat losses rate of 15N PCU rather than ^15N-urea decreased from 15 release N-urea （28.23%, 30.16%） during the corn and wheat rotation system. Result indicated that N of PCU in synchrony with crop N need resulted in the considerable improvement of NUE at the whole growth of corn and wheat, while reducing both fertilizer and soil N losses.

关 键 词：控释肥 ^15N示踪 玉米-小麦轮作 氮利用率 

分 类 号：S143.15[农业科学—肥料学]