不同留枝量对‘玉华早富’苹果光合、养分含量和开花坐果的影响  

Effect of Different Shoot Numbers after Pruning on Photosynthesis,Macro Nutrition Content,Flowering and Fruit Set on ‘Yuhuazaofu' Apple

作　　者：杨婷斐[1] 刘丹花[1] 邹养军[1] 党志明 张军科[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]洛川县果树研究所,陕西洛川727400

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2014年第9期177-182,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-28)资助

摘　　要：为筛选矮化‘玉华早富’苹果的适宜修剪留枝量,给旱区果园修剪提供理论指导,以11a生矮化‘玉华早富’苹果植株为试材,设置4个处理(每667m2一年生总枝量分别为:T1,35 000条;T2,45 000条;T3,55 000条;T4,65 000条),比较分析不同留枝量对光合、养分含量及开花坐果的影响。结果表明,修剪留枝量与叶面积指数呈正相关,其中,T3、T4处理显著高于T1;T3处理的叶片净光合速率(Pn)显著高于T1;T3处理的叶片N、P含量显著高于T1、T4,且T3、T4处理的叶片K含量显著高于T1、T2;不同处理的花序数、坐果率差异显著,T1处理花序数显著低于其他处理,T4处理坐果率显著低于其他处理。综合分析,T3处理叶面积指数高,叶片N、P、K含量和Pn均最大,花序数和坐果率均较高,叶片品质指标、冠层开度与其他处理无显著差异,是当地条件下适宜的修剪留枝量。Aimed to provide instruction for growers in choosing proper shoot numbers in winter prun- ing in local area, the effect of different shoot numbers treatments （Tl：about 35 000 shoots per 667 me ;T2：about 45 000 shoots per 667 m2 ;T3：about 55 000 shoots per 667 m2 ;T4：about 65 000 shoots per 667 m2） on photosynthesis, leaf nutrition content,flower numbers and fruit setting rate was con- ducted on 11 year-old dwarf ＇Yuhuazaofu＇ apple trees at full productive stage. The results showed that shoot number was positively correlated to leaf area index （LAI）, the LAI of T3 and T4 was sig- nificantly higher than that of T1. The net photosynthetic rate （Pn） of T3 was significantly higher than were that of T1 and no significant difference between other t significantly higher than those of T1 and T4,and the K reat con higher than those of both T1 and T2. The flower volume of T1 the other treatments and the fruit setting rate in T4 was signific ments. To sum up,when the shoot numbers was kept around T3 ments. The N and P contents in T3 tents in T3 and T4 were significantly was significantly lower than that of antly lower than that of other treatlevel, the LAI, N, P and K contents,Pn ,flower numbers and fruit setting rate were reasonably increased,while no significant difference on leaves quality and canopy openness was observed. T3 treatment is the suitable shoot numbers in winter pruning for local apple orchard.

关 键 词：苹果 枝量 冠层结构 养分含量 光合能力 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]