低温、弱光、高湿胁迫对日光温室番茄花期生理生化指标的影响  

Effects of low temperature,weak light and high humidity stresses on the physiological and biochemical indicators of greenhouse tomato during flowering period

作　　者：张淑杰[1] 杨再强[2] 陈艳秋 韩秀君[4] 吴曼丽[4] 赵先丽[1] 李广霞[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,沈阳110166 [2]南京信息工程大学,南京210044 [3]辽宁省气象局,沈阳110001 [4]沈阳中心气象台,沈阳110166

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第11期2995-3001,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所专项(GYHY201206024);辽宁省科技厅重大农业攻关项目(2011210002)资助

摘　　要：为探讨东北地区冬季低温寡照天气对番茄影响的生理机制,以东北地区主栽番茄品种＂靓粉2号＂为试材,在人工气候箱内模拟4种低温处理（5-2-4℃;5-1-3℃;5-0-2℃;5-（-1）-1℃）、弱光／[0（2日）～400μmol·mol-1／]、高湿（70%～95%）,研究低温弱光高湿胁迫对番茄最大净光合速率、叶绿素荧光参数及酶活性的影响。结果表明：低温弱光高湿胁迫降低了PSII的原始光能转换效率和潜在活性,最大净光合速率（Pmax）、PSII最大光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）、潜在活性（Fv/F0）、光化学淬灭系数（q P）随着低温降低和持续时间的延长呈下降的趋势,非光化学淬灭系数（q N）提高,而超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性升高且丙二醛（MDA）含量增加;温度回升及恢复后Pmax、Fv/Fm、Fv/F0、q P升高,q N、SOD酶活性下降,MDA含量依然增加,除处理1和处理2的Pmax恢复到第1天的水平外,其余各项生理生化指标没有恢复到第1天的水平,同时各项生理生化指标均未恢复到对照的水平,表明5℃及以下低温弱光高湿胁迫已经对番茄造成伤害,当5℃及以下低温持续3 d,且最低温度降到0℃的时候,达到了冻害致灾指标。In order to study the physiological mechanism o! the ettects ot low temperature, weak light and high humidity stresses on tomato in winter in Northeast China, a tomato cuhivar ＇ Liang- fen 2＇ was selected as experimental material, and four levels of low temperature （5-2-4 ℃ ; 5- 1-3 ℃ ; 5-0-2 ℃ ; 5-（-1）-1 ℃ ）, weak light [0 （2 days） -400 μmol· mol-1] and high hu- midity （70%-95% ） were installed in a climatic chamber to study their effects on maximum net photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities. Re- sults showed that the original light conversion efficiency of the PSII and its potential activity were reduced under low temperature, weak light and high humidity stresses. In addition, the maxi- mum net photosynthesis rate （ Pmax ） , photochemical maximum efficiency of PS Ⅱ （ Fv/F0 ） , potential activities of PS H （Fv/Fo） and photochemical quenching coefficient （qP） decreased with the decline of temperature and the extension of the duration of low temperature. At the same time, non-photochemical quenching coefficient （qN） increased along with the decline of temper- ature, while the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） increased simultaneously. After the temperature recover, P Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, qP and thecontent of MDA increased, while non-photochemical quenching coefficient （qN） and SOD activity decreased. All the physiological and biochemical indicators did not recover to the first day＇ s level except Pmax of treatments 1 and 2. Meanwhile, the physiological and biochemical indicators did not return to CK levels. Our results suggested that temperature below 5 ℃, weak light and high humidity stresses damaged the tomatoes. Therefore, we concluded when tempera- ture declined to 5 ℃ or below 5 ℃ and the duration reached 3 days, as well as the minimum temperature reached 0 ℃, the freezing injury would happen to tomato.

关 键 词：番茄 低温 弱光 高湿 光合特性 荧光参数 酶活性 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] S641.2