成渝经济区土壤侵蚀的时空变化  

Spatiotemporal variations of soil erosion in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone

作　　者：王硕[1,2] 肖玉[1] 谢高地[1] 张昌顺[1] 张彪[1] 李娜[1,2] 陈文辉 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第11期3043-3052,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所"一三五"战略科技计划项目(2012ZD007);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAC03B05)资助

摘　　要：土壤侵蚀是成渝经济区内生产性土地流失、养分损失、河道淤塞等生态环境问题的重要原因,制约着区域的可持续发展。本文基于GIS技术和RUSLE模型,对成渝经济区2000、2005和2010年的土壤侵蚀进行了计算,并对研究区土壤侵蚀强度的时空分布和变化特征进行了分析。结果表明,2000—2010年成渝经济区土壤平均侵蚀模数和土壤侵蚀量均呈增加趋势。从空间分布来看,研究区内微度侵蚀等级占绝对优势,超过全区土地面积的90%,表明总体上该区土壤侵蚀并不严重。但2005和2010年微度以上侵蚀等级的面积比例逐渐上升,表明研究区内由于快速的城镇化,造成了土地利用方式的不合理,从而加剧了土壤侵蚀恶化。2000—2010年微度侵蚀转化不明显,而其他土壤侵蚀强度类型的转化较为明显:2000—2005年轻度侵蚀、中度侵蚀、强度侵蚀和极强烈侵蚀中超过50%转为低等级侵蚀强度类型,而在2005—2010年超过70%;2000—2005年轻度侵蚀、中度侵蚀、强度侵蚀和极强烈侵蚀中转为高等级侵蚀强度类型的面积比例大约为30%,而在2005—2010年下降至20%,表明在实施退耕还林还草工程后,研究区内局部地区的水土保持工作取得一定成效。因此,要坚持以可持续发展的方式科学开发利用自然资源,建立完整的生态补偿机制,维护人与自然环境的供需平衡,加强水土保持综合治理,减少水土流失。Soil erosion has caused serious ecological and environmental problems in Chengdu- Chongqing Economic Zone, such as soil loss of productive land, soil nutrient loss, and river sil- ting, which restricts the sustainable development of the economic zone. Based on GIS and RU- SLE model, soil erosion in 2000, 2005 and 2010 was calculated, and the spatiotemporal pattern and variation were also analyzed. During the period of 2000 to 2010, the mean modulus and amount of soil erosion showed an increasing trend in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone. Spa- tially, slightly intense soil erosion occurred on more than 90% of the total land, which implies general situation of the soil erosion of the whole area was not yet serious. However, soil erosion was aggravated from 2000 to 2005 and 2010, caused by the acceleration of urbanization and un- reasonable land use. During the period of 2000 to 2010, the transformation of slightly intense soil erosion was not obvious, but the transformation of the other different levels of soil erosion was ob- vious. More than 50% of slight, middle, intense and extremely intense soil erosion was allevia- ted to lower levels from 2000 to 2005, however, 70% of low level soil erosion was aggravated from 2005 to 2010. More than 30% of slight, middle, intense and extremely intense soil erosion was aggravated to higher levels from 2000 to 2005, however, only 20% was aggravated from 2005 to 2010. It implies that after the implementation of the reforestation project, the soil and water conservation ment should insist tablish a complete demand of human conservation, and had been improved in some areas. Therefore, it is suggested that the govern- on scientific development and sustainable utilization of natural resources, es- ecological compensation framework, maintain the balance between supply and beings and natural environment, strengthen the comprehensive soil and water reduce water loss and soil erosion.

关 键 词：水土保持 RUSLE 时空变化 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]