岩石边坡基质-植被系统中氮磷钾损失模型  

Models of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium losses in rock slope matrix-vegetation system

作　　者：邱利平[1] 李绍才[1] 孙海龙 

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院,成都610064 [2]川大学水利水电国家重点实验室,成都610064

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第11期3164-3168,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2011BAK12B04);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAJ02B03)资助

摘　　要：以岩石边坡基质-植被系统为研究对象,结合人工模拟降雨试验和养分损失模型,对基质径流养分损失量与降雨场次、降雨时间之间的关系进行了定量分析及预测。降雨试验中,N、P、K营养元素损失量与降雨场次呈负向关系,但随着降雨场次的增加,损失量减少幅度变小;营养元素累积损失量随降雨时间呈幂函数增长;营养元素损失量在降雨场次和降雨时间变化上均表现出极显著差异(P=0.00)。养分损失模型能较准确地对径流养分损失量进行预测,确定系数均在0.86以上,实测结果与拟合预测结果接近,其相对误差<27%。其中,K在第一场降雨时,模型预测结果最好;N、P则在最后一场降雨时,预测效果最为显著。该模型的建立,可描述营养元素径流损失量随降雨时间的变化过程,从而为岩石边坡基质-植被系统制定合理的养分配比提供理论依据。Combining a manually simulated rainfall experiment with nutrient loss model, we quantified and forecasted the relationship between nutrient loss of matrix runoff and rainfall fre- quency and time in a rock slope matrix-vegetation system. Results from the rainfall experiment indicated that the losses of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） showed a negative relationship with rainfall frequency. The relationship between the accumulated nutrient loss and rainfall time followed the power function, and the nutrient loss showed significant differences with rainfall frequency and with rainfall time （P= 0.00）. These models could be used to forecast the nutrient loss accurately, with the coefficients of determination more than 0.86. The results of the model fitting agreed well with the experimental results, with the relative errors less than 27%. Loss of element K was best predicted in the first rainfall, while Losses of elements N and P were in the last rainfall. Therefore, our mathematical models could be used to describe the changing process of nutrient loss in runoff along with rainfall frequency and time, and provided a theoreti- cal basis for nutrient management in the rock slope matrix-vegetation system.

关 键 词：岩石边坡 基质 营养元素 损失量 模型 

分 类 号：TU457[建筑科学—岩土工程]