岷江上游高山森林溪流非木质残体现存量与碳储量及其分配特征  

Standing biomass and carbon-storage of non-woody debris and their distribution in the alpine forest streams of western Sichuan in the upper reaches of Minjiang River

作　　者：张川[1] 杨万勤[1] 张慧玲[1] 王滨[1] 岳楷 彭艳[1] 吴福忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学生态林业研究所,四川省林业生态工程重点实验室,高山森林生态系统定位研究站,四川成都611130

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2014年第9期1509-1514,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31270498;31170423);国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2011BAC09B05);四川省杰出青年学术与技术带头人培育项目(2012JQ0008;2012JQ0059);中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(2012T50782)

摘　　要：森林溪流非木质残体的特征直接关系到流域源头水质环境以及森林生态系统碳及养分等物质的输出格局。为了解岷江上游水源源头高山森林生态系统溪流非木质残体的储量特征,于2013年8月高山森林溪流水量最大的季节,在研究区域海拔3 600 m典型高山森林范围内,沿主河道两岸调查每条森林溪流的非木质残体储量,共找到18条森林溪流汇入主河道,根据实地采样的可操作性和典型性,选择其中12条溪流详细调查非木质残体储量,每条森林溪流从尽头到源头每隔10 m设置一个长度为1 m,溪流实际宽度的样方(源头作为最后一个样方)。将样方内所有非木质残体全部采集,低温保存,迅速带回实验室,分别按照树皮、树叶和直径小于1 cm树枝分离,65℃烘干至恒重,测定各组分现存量。然后,将样品粉碎过筛,采用重铬酸钾氧化法测定凋落物有机碳含量,以不同组分现存量与其碳含量计算各组分的碳储量。结果表明:(1)该区域森林溪流非木质残体总现存量和总碳储量分别为657.25 kg和262.96 kg,单位面积现存量和碳储量为439.70 g·m-2和175.92g·m-2;(2)各溪流中直径小于1 cm树枝占非木质残体总现存量和总碳储量的69.76%和73.41%,其次为树叶,树皮比例最小且不足10%;(3)尽管溪流长度、面积和流量与非木质残体各组分单位面积现存量和碳储量均无显著相关关系,但显著影响溪流非木质残体总现存量和总碳储量及其在各组分的分配比例;(4)相对于树皮,凋落树叶现存量和碳储量所占比例在流量较小溪流中相对较大。这些结果为深入认识高山森林流域水环境及其在森林生态系统中的重要作用提供新的思路和一定的科学依据。The characteristic of non-woody debris in forest streams is directly related to the water environment of headwaters andoutput pattern about carbon and other matters in forest ecosystems, but little information has been available on. Therefore, thestanding biomass and carbon-storage of non-woody debris were investigated in alpine forest streams in the upper reaches of MinjiangRiver in August, 2013. According to the operability and typical of field sampling, 12 streams were selected. Sampling quadrat fromend to source in the streams were setted up as the 1 meter long and stream width in every 10m for every stream from end to source.And then, the non-woody debris in all the quadrat were stored in low temperature and brought back to laboratory, and divided theminto bark, leaf and branch less than 1cm. Oven-dried in 65 ℃ to constant weight and determined the biomass of every component.The content of organic carbon was analyzed by oxidation of potassium dichromate. The results indicated： （1） The total standingbiomass and carbon-storage of non-woody debris of these forest streams were 657.25 kg and 262.96 kg, respectively. The standingbiomass per unit area and carbon-storage per unit area were 439.70 g·m-2 and 175.92 g·m-2, respectively. （2） Branch less than 1cmcontributed 69.76% and 73.41% in the total standing biomass of non-woody debris and carbon-storage of these forest streams,followed by leaves, and the smallest contribution was barks （only less than 10%）. （3） Although there were no significantrelationships between the carbon-storage or standing biomass per unit area of non-woody debris and the length, area and flow ofstreams, these stream characteristics significantly related to the distribution proportion in total standing crop and carbon-storage ofnon-woody debris. （4） The proportion of standing biomass and carbon-storage in litter leaves is bigger than those in barks in smallerstreams. These results offer the new ideas and scientific data to deeply understand the water environment of

关 键 词：高山森林 溪流 非木质残体 现存量 碳储量 

分 类 号：S715-3[农业科学—林学]