芍药栽培与繁育研究  

Study on Culture and Breeding of the Peony

作　　者：张国栋[1] 魏建欣 徐梅 何小弟 

机构地区：[1]江苏沙钢集团淮钢特钢有限公司,江苏淮安223002 [2]扬州市江都区仙女镇云峰社区居委会,江苏扬州225000 [3]扬州市园林局,江苏扬州225000 [4]扬州大学,江苏扬州225000

出　　处：《园艺与种苗》2014年第9期14-18,共5页Horticulture & Seed

基　　金：江苏省科技支撑计划(社会发展)项目(BE2013683)

摘　　要：芍药是典型的温带多年生宿根草本植物，喜温耐寒，在中国北方地区可以露地栽培。肉质根发达，性喜地势高敞、较为干燥的环境，土壤含水量高、排水不畅，容易引起烂根；以中性或微酸性土壤为宜，盐碱地不宜种。芍药在秋冬短日照季节分化花芽，花蕾发育和开花均需在长日照下进行，生长期光照充足才能生长繁茂、花色艳丽。花期早晚与当年气温变化相关密切，相差可在4d以上。以分株繁殖为主，在秋季进行为宜；春季分株因植株的芽和根系早已萌动，必然对生长不利。根插可结合秋季分株繁殖时进行，收集断根、整理断面，开沟深度5 cm，覆土掩埋；茎插在开花前14 d进行，插穗采集茎中间部分为宜，2节一截，苗床沙插。播种繁殖主要用于新品种选育，以种子成熟后即采即播为宜，播种后当年秋天生根，来年春暖后萌芽出土；幼苗生长速度缓慢，需3～4年培育才能开花。Peony was a typical perennial herb of warm regions. As a thermophilous and hardy specie, peony could be cultured in open field in the north part of China. Having stout fleshy root, peony could thrive in soil that neutral or slightly acid instead of saline-alkaili land, as well as be suitable for growing in sandy loam instead of sandy clay. This specie like spacious, relatively dry environment at high altitudes, and the root would rot if the soil had higher water content as well as poorer drainage. Floral buds of peony differentiate during the short-day season in autumn and winter, but developed and blossomed under long day conditions. With abundant sunshine ,they would be flourishing during growing period. The florescences showed a close relation with the change of temperature in spring that yean which the difference would be more than 4 days. Breeding methods of peony were mainly based on division propagation which must be carried out in autumn. It was harmful to divide plant in spring because buds and root would germinate at that time. Root cuttings could be combined with division in autumn, by collecting and burying the breaking roots. Stem cutting often carried out about two weeks before blossom. Cutting slips, which were constituted and ditghing to bury the breaking roots. Stem cuttings adopted a hotbed and inserted into sand. Meanwhile , the cutting slips were constituted by two nodes of center part of stems, which the measures were often carried out two weeks before blossom. Sowing propagation was mainly used for new variety selection. Following the seeds maturation, the harvest and sowing should be carried out immediately. After sowing ,the seedling would be root in this autumn and the buds which were developing until the next spring. Growing slowly, seedlings would blossom out after 3-4 years.

关 键 词：芍药 栽培 繁育 

分 类 号：S681.13[农业科学—观赏园艺]