云冷杉林风倒区坑丘微立地特征及物种多样性  

Characteristics of pit and mound microsites and species diversity in the windthrow area of Picea asperata-Abies nephrolepis forest

作　　者：王婷[1] 段文标[1] 王金铃[1] 景鑫[1] 魏全帅[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2014年第5期57-63,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金"阔叶红松混交林掘根倒木和微立地特征研究"(C2012310);哈尔滨市科技创新人才研究专项资金"阔叶红松林不同大小林隙微气候和树种更新的研究"(RC2012LX002018);国家自然科学基金"阔叶红松混交林林隙凋落物分解-养分释放和他感作用对红松天然更新的影响"(31270666);人力资源与社会保障部留学回国人员科技活动择优启动项目"阔叶红松混交林连根拔起倒木和坑丘特征"(2012-258)

摘　　要：2013年6—7月,在小兴安岭凉水国家级自然保护区谷地云冷杉林1.5 hm2的固定样地内,通过调查36株掘根倒木的树种、直径、倒向、腐烂等级、形成的坑丘复合体的微立地特征及样地内植物的种类、高度、多度、盖度,计算云冷杉林风倒区坑丘物种的丰富度和重要值。结果表明:1)掘根倒木的形成树种共有4种,出现频率大小依次为冷杉(54.1%)>云杉(27%)>白桦(13.5%)>红松(5.4%);2)36株掘根倒木中的29株倒向偏北方向;3)掘根倒木形成的坑丘的体积分别与坑宽、丘高呈显著正相关,坑深与丘厚呈显著正相关,丘和坑的体积分别与丘的表面积呈显著正相关;4)在3个微立地上,物种丰富度、均匀度指数、物种多样性指数均为完整立地>坑底>丘顶;5)库页悬钩子在丘上的重要值最大,坑底有利于荨麻、水金凤的生长;6)当掘根倒木腐烂等级为Ⅱ级时,丘顶上的物种丰富度最高,为Ⅴ级时,坑底的物种丰富度最大,植物平均总盖度和平均密度的大小顺序均为完整立地>丘顶>坑底。An investigation was conducted in a 1.5 hm2 plot of Picea asperata-Abies nephrolepis forest to determine the tree species,DBH,treefalls direction,level of decay and microsites characteristics of pit and mound complex formed by 36 uprooted treefalls from June to July,2013.The plant species,their height,abundance,cover on the sites were measured; their importance value and richness in the P.asperata-A,nephrolepis forest were calculated.The results showed that：1） all uprooted treefalls are composed of four tree species.The frequency of tree species forming pit/mound complex decreased in the order of A.nephrolepis （54.1％）,P.asperata （27％）,Betula platyphylla （13.5％）,and Pinus koraiensis （5.4％）.2） Twenty-nine of the 36 uprooted treefalls were located in the north direction.3） There was significant,positive correlations between pit volume and pit width,between pit volume and mound height,between pit depth and mound thickness; there were significant,positive correlations between mound volume and its superficial area,between pit volume and its superficial area.4） At three microsites,species richness,Pielou evenness index,Simpson eco-dominance index,Shannon index decreased in the order of intact site,pit bottom,and mound top.5） The importance value of Rubus sachalinensis was the biggest on mound.Pit bottom was beneficial to the growth of Urtica laetevirens and Impatiens nolitangere.6） Species richness on mound top and on pit bottom was the biggest when level of decay of uprooted treefalls was level Ⅱ and level Ⅴ,respectively.Average total coverage of plants and their average density were in the sequence of intact site ＞ mound top ＞ pit bottom.

关 键 词：云冷杉林 风倒区 坑丘微立地 丰富度 腐烂等级 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]