略论宋代政府经济管理从统治到治理的转变——基于市场性政策工具的视角  

On the Song Dynasty Economical Government from the Rule to the Governance:Based on the Perspective of Market-oriented Policy Tools

作　　者：方宝璋[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学会计学院

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2014年第3期71-83,175-176,共13页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"政策工具视角下的宋代政府治理思想研究"(项目批准号70971057)成果之一

摘　　要：宋代政府经济管理从统治到治理的转变主要表现在治理者与被治理者之间出现平等自愿、共利双赢的关系,以及市场性政策工具特有的公开、公平竞争和订立契约,其集中体现在入中、买扑和召募制。宋代商品经济高度发展,使一些有识之士认识到私营工商业自由竞争经营优于官府垄断经营,因此主张政府对私营工商业应因势利导,达到官民共利;从直接全面垄断到间接部分垄断,从而出现了从统治到治理的转变。这具有划时代的意义,标志着治理者与被治理者的博弈均衡,在经济上从政府一元化到多元化的转变,出现官商合流趋势,对封建商品经济发展有一定的积极作用。The performances of the Song Dynasty economical government from the rule to the governance were as follow:came to being the win-win relationships of equality,voluntariness between the governors and the governed,and the open and fair competition and contract of market-oriented policy tools,mainly embodied in 'Ruzhong', 'Maipu' and ' Zhaomu' System.Being highly developed commodity economy in the Song Dynasty,some people with wisdom and insight realized that free competition in the private industrial and commercial business preceded in the official monopoly,so they maintained the government should guide the private businesses to reach a win-win between officials and the public;from direct full monopoly to indirect part monopoly,then appeared the transform from control to government.This had epoch-making significance,marked the game balance between the governors and the governed,appeared the transform from the unified government to diversify in the economy,emerged the trends of confluence between officials and businessmen which played a positive role on the development of commodity economy in the feudal society.

关 键 词：宋代 政府经济管理 入中 买扑 召募制 唐宋变革 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学] F129[历史地理—中国史]