燃油汽车与纯电动车能源足迹实证研究  

The Empirical Study on the Energy Footprints of Petrol Automobiles and Battery Electric Vehicles

作　　者：罗晓梅[1] 黄鲁成[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学实验学院,北京101101 [2]北京工业大学经济与管理学院,北京100124

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2014年第9期84-90,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"新兴技术未来分析理论方法与产业创新研究"(编号:11&ZD140);北京科技计划项目"战略新兴产业发展支撑研究"(编号:Z101108001810019)

摘　　要：相对燃油汽车而言,纯电动车具有能耗低、污染小等特点。但仅用汽车使用阶段的能源消耗判断汽车的节能环保情况是片面的。论文基于能源足迹模型对燃油汽车和纯电动车生命周期各阶段的能源足迹进行了实证研究,研究范围包括原材料生产、制造和使用三个阶段。其中,原材料生产阶段能源足迹的核算范围包括车辆主体原材料生产、汽油生产和电池原材料生产三个阶段的能源消耗,制造阶段能源足迹的核算范围包括车辆主体制造和电池制造两个阶段的能源消耗,使用阶段能源足迹的核算范围为汽车报废里程内的能源消耗。研究结果表明:燃油汽车和纯电动车在原材料生产阶段、制造阶段和使用阶段的能源足迹总量分别为31.18 hm2和9.74 hm2,其中,燃油汽车和纯电动车车辆主体原材料生产阶段的能源足迹分别为0.015 hm2和0.014 hm2,汽油生产阶段的能源足迹为2.83 hm2,电池原材料生产过程的总能源足迹为0.003 2 hm2;燃油汽车和纯电动车车辆主体制造阶段的能源足迹均为0.29hm2,电池制造过程的能源足迹为0.000 037 hm2;燃油汽车和纯电动车使用过程中的能源足迹分别为28.04 hm2和9.4 hm2。从能源足迹的阶段构成来看,燃油汽车和纯电动车的能源足迹主要源于汽车使用阶段,原材料生产阶段和制造阶段的能源足迹相对较小。从能源足迹的来源看,汽油生产阶段的能源消耗是燃油汽车能源足迹的主要构成部分,发电厂的能源消耗是纯电动车能源足迹的主要构成部分。因此,控制汽油炼制和使用过程的能源消耗是减少燃油汽车能源足迹的主要途径,控制发电厂的能源消耗是减少纯电动车能源足迹的主要途径。本文提供了一种核算汽车产品生命周期内能源消耗的量化方法,研究过程和方法可为评价工业产品的能源消耗提供参考。In contrast with Petrol Automobile, Battery Electric Vehicle have the advantages of low energy consumption and low pollution and so on. But it is biased to endow the Battery Electric Vehicle with the characteristics of energy conservation and environmental protection only based on the utilization phase. The paper carried on the empirical research on the energy footprint of each life cycle of Petrol Automobile and Battery Electric Vehicle base on energy footprint model and the life cycle included the raw material production, manufacture and use stages. The energy footprint in raw material production phase included the energy consumption in the stages of vehicle body raw materials production, gas production and battery raw materials production, the energy footprint in manufacturing stage included the energy consumption in the stages of vehicle body and battery material manufacturing, and the energy footprint in utilization stage is the whole energy consumption in scrap mileage. The research results show that the total energy footprints in the stages of raw materials production, manufacturing and utilization were respectively 31.18 hm2 and 9.74 hm2 , and among them, the energy footprints in stage of raw materials production of Petrol Automobile and Battery Electric Vehicle were respectively 0. 015 hmz and 0. 014 hm2 , and the energy footprints in the stages of gas production and battery raw materials production process were respectively 2.83 hm2 and 0.003 2 hm2 ; the energy footprint in the stage of Petrol Automobile and Battery Electric Vehicle body manufacturing was 0.29 hm2 and the energy footprint in battery raw materials production was 0. 000 037 hm2 ; the energy footprints in the utilization stage of Petrol Automobile and Battery Electric Vehicle were respectively 28.04 hm2 and 9.4 hm2. From the point of the phase composition of energy footprint, the energy footprint of Petrol Automobile and Battery Electric Vehicle was mainly sourced the stage of utilization stage, and the energy footprint in the material pro

关 键 词：燃油汽车 纯电动车 能源足迹 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]