王者的漫游——《亨利五世》第四幕第一场解读  

A King's Errant

作　　者：张沛[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系/比较文学与比较文化研究所

出　　处：《国外文学》2014年第3期57-66,157,共10页Foreign Literatures

摘　　要：在莎士比亚"亨利三部曲"和第二四联剧的最后完成《亨利五世》中,亨利五世作为完美的英雄王者而出现于公众视野。但在第四幕第一场,莎士比亚揭示了这位王者的秘密困境。他和自己的父亲一样,试图通过军事征服证明王权的合法性:这是一场非此即彼的冒险,它正义与否,直接取决于它能否成功,所谓"结果证明手段";然而,战争本身就是罪孽,而罪孽无法通过罪孽洗白。年轻时的亨利(哈利王子)曾为逃避罪责而出走漫游,但他现在已无路可走,只有铤而走险,赌博命运。他成功了,但这成功同时即是沉沦:从此他承负有罪的王权,而永远失去了拯救的希望。It is generally believed that Shakespeare illustrates perfect kingship with the title hero in Henry V,the last effort in his so-called 'Henriad'and the fortissimo of his English history plays. However,in Henry wandering in disguise before the battle of Agincourt and challenged by three soldiers on the way,we see a king guilty in conscience—guilt inherited from his father Henry Ⅳ—and ineluctable from punishment,though delayed,but sure to fall upon the crown despite its bearer's desperate struggle. In fact,his might-makes-right self-justification proves to be a failure on his part,either as King of England or as English kingship incarnate. He wins the war and wrests another crown for him,but( as Shakespeare insinuates) fails the test and loses his—and England's—salvation.

关 键 词：亨利五世 漫游 王权 良心 罪 

分 类 号：I561.073[文学—其他各国文学]