国家优秀青少年铁人三项运动员选材过程中身体机能指标与运动成绩的相关性研究  

Correlation Study on Body Function Index and Performance in the Process of National Outstanding Youth Triathlon Athletes Talent Identification

作　　者：宋凯[1,2] 荆文[2] 陈笑然[3] 张册[3] 

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东曲阜273165 [2]山东省体育科学研究中心,山东济南250000 [3]国家体育总局自行车击剑运动管理中心铁人三项部,北京100049

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2014年第5期94-99,共6页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家体育总局国家队科研综合攻关研究课题(2013A036)

摘　　要：目的:研究国家优秀青少年铁人三项运动员身体形态、生理生化机能、运动素质与比赛成绩的相关性。方法:以22名国家优秀青少年铁人三项运动员为研究对象,测量其身高、体重,计算克托莱指数和BMI指数,静脉取血检测血常规、睾酮水平,训练过程中测试3 000m跑步和400m自由泳成绩,所有数据均用Spss 9.0统计软件与比赛成绩进行相关性分析。结果:身体形态指标中,男运动员身高(r=-0.681,P=0.030)、BMI(r=-0.695,P=0.026)与比赛成绩具有显著相关性,并且体重(r=-0.783,P=0.007)、克托莱指数(r=-0.778,P=0.008)与运动比赛具有极显著性相关性,女运动员身体形态各项指标与比赛成绩均无显著相关性(P>0.05);男、女运动员心功能各项指标与比赛成绩均无显著相关性(P>0.05);男、女运动员睾酮水平(r=-0.733,P=0.016;r=-0.739,P=0.036)与比赛成绩有显著相关性;男、女运动员血常规中HGB(r=-0.760,P=0.011;r=-0.851,P=0.032)、HCT(r=-0.788,P=0.007;r=-0.764,P=0.037)与比赛成绩有显著相关性,RBC、WBC与比赛成绩无显著相关性(P>0.05);运动素质中男运动员3 000m跑成绩(r=0.867,P=0.001)与比赛成绩有极显著相关性,女运动员400 m自由泳即刻心率(r=0.935,P=0.002)与比赛成绩具有极显著相关性,其他各项指标与比赛成绩无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论:运动员的身体形态、生理生化机能、运动素质与比赛成绩均具有相关性,但相关性程度不同,身高、体重、克托莱指数、BMI、睾酮、HGB、HCT、3 000m成绩等指标与比赛成绩具有显著相关性(P<0.05),心功能、RBC、WBC等指标与比赛成绩无显著相关性(P>0.05);运动员的身体形态、生理生化机能、运动素质与比赛成绩的相关性存在性别差异。Objective： To study the national outstanding youth triathlon athletes body shape, physiological and biochemical function, movement quality with the correlation of the performance, as to provide theoretical basis for triathlon athletes talent identification. Methods：Taking 22 national outstanding youth triathlon athletes as the research object, by measuring the height, weight, calculation the Quetelet index and BMI, venous blood test routine blood, testos- terone levels, training process to test the 3 000 m running and 400 m freestyle record, and then all the data correlation analysis by SPSSg. 0 statistical software with the performance. Results： body configuration index of male athletes height （ r = - 0. 681, P = 0. 030） and BMI （ r = -0. 695,P = 0. 026） has significant correlation with the performance, body weight （r = -0. 783,P=0. 007） and Quetelet index （r=-0. 778,P=0. 008） and has extremely significant correlation with the performance. Female athletes body shape indicators has no significant correlation with the performance （P〈0.05）;Male, female athletes cardiac function indicators has no significant correlation with the performance （P〉 0.05 ） ; Male, female athletes testos- terone levels （ r = - 0.733, P = 0.016 ; r = - 0.739, P = 0.036 ） has significantly correlation with the performance ; Male, female athletes HGB （ r = - 0. 760, P = 0.011 ; r = - 0.851, P = 0. 032） and HCT （ r = - 0.788, P = 0.007 ; r = - 0.764, P = 0.037） has significant correlation with the performance in the routin blood, RBC and WBC, there was no significant correlation with the performance （P〉0.05） ;Athletic male athletes in 3 000 m run scores （r= 0. 867, P = 0.001 ） has significant correlation with the performance, female athletes in 400 m freestyle instant heart rate （r = 0.935, P = 0. 002 ） has extremely significant correlation with the performance, other indicators there was no significant correlation with the performance （P 〉0. 05）. Conclusion. the athletes＇ bo

关 键 词：铁人三项 选材 身体形态 生理生化机能 素质 

分 类 号：G888.1[文化科学—体育训练]