成人与婴幼儿麻疹临床特点比较  

Comparison of the clinical features of measles in adults and infants

作　　者：涂波[1] 郭伟 聂为民[1] 秦恩强[1] 周志平[1] 张昕[1] 李丰衣[1] 赵敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军第三〇二医院感染性疾病诊疗与研究中心,北京100039 [2]总政玉泉路干休所卫生队,北京100039

出　　处：《海南医学》2014年第19期2888-2890,共3页Hainan Medical Journal

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技重大专项(编号:2012ZX10004301-007);解放军第302医院院内课题(编号:YNKT2011003)

摘　　要：目的总结成人与婴幼儿麻疹临床特点,为临床诊治麻疹提供参考。方法回顾性收集119例麻疹住院患者临床资料,其中成人66例,婴幼儿53例,分析其流行病学特征、临床特征、实验室结果等。结果与成人组比较,婴幼儿组抗生素使用率高(73.58%vs 19.70%,χ2=34.695,P=0.000),发热后出疹时间较晚[(3.04±1.95)d vs(2.24±1.51)d,P=0.014)],热程更长[(7.87±3.06)d vs(6.09±1.90)d,P=0.000)],肝损害较轻[ALT:(47.36±40.55)U/L vs(92.46±117.55)U/L,P=0.030],肺炎/支气管肺炎发生率更高(39.62%vs 7.58%,P=0.000)。两组患者均痊愈出院。结论成人及婴幼儿麻疹总体病情较轻,预后好,但临床特征有各自特点,尤其婴幼儿肺部感染发生率较高,应高度重视。Objective To summarize the clinical features of measles in adults and infants and provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment of measles. Methods A total of 119（adults vs infants： 66 vs 53） cases of measles were collected retrospectively. The epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, and laboratory results of these patients were analyzed. Results Compared with the adult group, the infant group showed higher antibiotic using rate（73.58% vs 19.70%, χ^2=34.695, P=0.000）, later rash onset after fever [（3.04±1.95） d vs（2.24±1.51） d, P=0.014）], longer duration of fever [（7.87±3.06） d vs（6.09±1.90） d, P=0.000）], lighter liver damage [（47.36±40.55） U/L vs（92.46 ± 117.55） U/L, P=0.030], and higher incidence of pneumonia/bronchopneumonia（39.62% vs 7.58%, P=0.000）. All patients were cured in both groups. Conclusion Generally, all patients with measles including adults and infants show mild condition and good prognosis. However, the clinical features differ in these two groups, where the infants are revealed with higher incidence of pulmonary infection and should be paid more attention.

关 键 词：麻疹 成人 婴幼儿 

分 类 号：R758.24[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]