美国东部页岩气项目回顾及启示  

Review of Shale Gas Project in East US

作　　者：周庆凡[1] 孙鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院

出　　处：《石油科技论坛》2014年第5期44-48,共5页PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FORUM

基　　金：中国石油化工集团公司软科学项目"页岩油气产业发展与科技创新"(2014)阶段研究成果

摘　　要：出于对美国天然气供应短缺的担心,1976—1992年间美国能源部实施了东部页岩气项目,其目标是准确评价页岩气地质资源量和可采资源量,建立优选勘探目标的勘探原理及开发并完善低成本的开采方法。该项目研究内容涵盖各类评价、资源及现场表征、基础研究和建模、生产技术研发,开发了泡沫压裂、定向取心及断口分析、页岩气吸附与解吸机制、井下视频、大型水力压裂、定向钻井、随钻电磁测量、二氧化碳压裂等多项关键技术和产品,在提高天然气产量、累积基础资料、提高政府税收和促进美国页岩气发展等方面取得了明显效果,随之引起了世界范围的"页岩气革命"。通过回顾项目的成功经验,对我国发展页岩气提出要发挥政府主导作用,发挥科技创新的驱动作用,吸引中小石油公司积极参与等建议。Out of the consideration that the United States might face shortage of natural gas supply, the US Energy Department carried out the shale gas project in the eastern part of the country between 1976 and 1992, aiming at accurate assessment of geological reserves and recoverable reserves of shale gas, development of exploration principles for the optimized targets and improvement of the cost-effective production methods. This project covers a variety of assessment, characteristics of resources and worksites, basic research and modeling, and development of production technologies, including the key technologies and products, such as foam fracturing, directional coring and fracture analysis, shale gas absorption and desorption mechanism, downhole videoing, large-scale hydraulic fracturing, directional drilling, electromagnetic measurement while drilling, and carbon dioxide fracturing. Remarkable achievements have been made in boosting natural gas output, accumulating basic data, raising governmental taxes, and promoting US shale gas development, triggering ＂shale gas revolution＂ worldwide. Based on review of the successful experiences from the US project, it is proposed that the government be dominant in China＇s shale gas development so as to stimulate technological innovation and attract the medium-size and small oil companies for shale gas development.

关 键 词：美国东部 页岩气 革命 勘探开发 科技创新 

分 类 号：F416.22[经济管理—产业经济]