基于GIS支持下的土地利用景观梯度变化分析——以重庆市合川区为例  

A GIS-Based Gradient Analysis of Land Use Landscape Pattern Changes ——A Case Study of Hechuan in Chongqing

作　　者：陈凌静[1] 王锐[1] 陈光银[1] 陈令[1] 林勇刚[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市国土资源和房屋勘测规划院 [2]国土资源部土地利用重点实验室重庆研究中心

出　　处：《重庆国土资源》2014年第5期25-31,共7页

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划（2012BAJ22B02）

摘　　要：利用2000年和2011年的重庆市合川区土地利用现状图，在GIS的支持下，采用景观格局指数与梯度带划分相结合的方法，从景观水平和景观类型水平分析了重庆市合川区景观格局梯度变化特征，结果表明：（1）景观类型总体格局方面，合川区是以农业为主的城市，耕地为优势景观类型，其次为城乡建设用地景观、林地景观和园地景观。但与2000年相比，耕地、园地景观面积减少，城乡建设用地和林地景观面积增加。城乡建设用地景观分布很零散，斑块破碎程度高，耕地景观破碎化程度次之，林地景观和园地景观破碎化程度则相对较低。（2）景观类型梯度格局方面，合川区的城市扩展主要在1～5km。范围内，该范围内耕地面积有所减少，城乡建设用地面积大幅度增加，破碎化程度降低。林地景观和园地景观分布则较为集中连片，分别分布于在距建成区6～10km2、1～10km2范围内。景观的破碎化程度减少，规模化效益更加突出。通过对重庆市合川区土地利用景观梯度变化进行分析，可为合川区土地利用总体规划和产业布局调整提供科学依据。On the basis of application of Geographic Information System（GIS）technique to the description of the land use dataset of 2000and 2011in Hechuan,Chongqing,China,we utilized the method that combined the index of landscape pattern with the partition of landscape gradient transect to analyze the characteristics of the landscape pattern gradient change in view of the levels and types of landscape in Hechuan. The result indicated that as a whole,Hechuan was an agriculture-based county,with farmland as its dominant landscape type,followed by urban and rural construction land,woodland and garden landscapes. Compared to the situation in 2000,the area of cultivated land and garden land decreased and the area of urban and rural construction land and forest land increased in 2011.Urban and rural construction land was sparsely distributed,with the highest degree of landscape fragmentation,followed by farmland landscape, and the woodland and garden had the lowest degree of fragmentation.From the perspective of landscape gradient pattern,the expansion radius of the urban area mainly ranged from 1to 5km.In the expansion area,the proportion of farmland decreased and urban and rural construction land area increased.Distributed in the radius ranging from 6to 10km and 1to 10km,respectively,forest land and garden land were relatively concentrated in distribution,which led to a decrease in fragmentation and to greater scale effect. It is expected that the analysis of landscape gradient change of land uses may provide scientific guidelines for the formulation of land use plans and adjustment of industrial layout in Hechuan.

关 键 词：梯度分析 景观格局变化 景观格局指数 GIS 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]