塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地起沙阈值计算解析  

The Analytical Calculation of the Threshold for Dust Emission in the Hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert

作　　者：周成龙 何清[3,2] 张爱强 刘厚勇 蒋新波 杨兴华[3,2] 

机构地区：[1]塔中气象站,新疆塔中841000 [2]塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境试验观测站,新疆塔中841000 [3]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2014年第5期53-57,共5页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2013211B39)

摘　　要：临界起沙风速是判别风沙活动能否发生的关键指标,其变化受到地表状况及大气环境的综合影响。为了进一步认识临界起沙风速在野外条件下的变化规律,选取塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中作为研究区,在综合考虑地表土壤粒径、土壤湿度、空气密度等因素的基础上,利用经验公式计算了该地区每月的临界起沙风速。得出：（1）塔中地区2 m高度的临界摩擦速度值介于0.24～0.36 m/s,均值为0.31 m/s;（2）塔中地区2 m高度的临界起沙风速值介于3.9～5.9 m/s,均值为5.1 m/s;（3）塔中地区起沙阈值,最高值出现在夏季,次高值出现在冬季,春季最小。The threshold sand-moving wind speed is a key indicator of the sand activities,it can determine the activities,it will change with the surface conditions and atmospheric environment. To further understand the variation of the threshold sand-moving wind speed under field conditions,This paper selected Tazhong of the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert as the research Area,on the basis of considering the size of the surface soil,soil moisture, air density and other factors,the paper use the empirical formula to calculate the threshold sand-moving wind speed of each month in this area。The conclusions are as follows：（1）the fluid critical threshold sand moving wind speed of 2 m height ranged from 0.24 m/s to 0.36 m/s at Tazhong,the mean is 0.31 m/s;（2）the threshold sandmoving wind speed of 2 m height is between 3.9 m/s and 5.9 m/s at Tazhong,the mean is 5.1 m/s;（3）in all of the threshold for dust emission, the maximum is in summer, the second highest in winter, and spring is the minimum. Thus it can provide scientific methods for the prevention and control the sandstorm at Tazhong area.

关 键 词：地表土壤含水率 临界摩擦速度 临界起沙风速 

分 类 号：P931.3[天文地球—自然地理学]