大陆行政合同的审查现状与困境  

A Study on Present Situation and Dilemma of the Judicial Review of Administrative Contract on the Mainland

作　　者：郑春燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,副教授博士生导师杭州310008

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2014年第11期106-116,158-159+2,共11页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：陈国权教授主持的国家社会科学基金重大项目"反腐败法治化与科学的权力结构与运行机制研究"(批准号14ZDA016;作者为子课题负责人)的阶段性成果;之江青年学者项目资助

摘　　要：大陆行政法学界的主流观点认为,行政合同的主体、内容、目的、适用规范以及行政特权等独特面向,构成了行政合同区分于民事合同的基础,并据此主张行政合同应进入行政审判。但对最高人民法院司法解释及政策性文件的梳理显示,最高人民法院对行政合同的审判定位,存在摇摆。受此影响,一些具备行政合同主体、内容、目的或适用规范要素的单纯合同请求权分歧案件,仍由最高人民法院民事审判庭处理;而进入最高人民法院行政审判庭视野的行政合同,大多具备行政特权行使的特征。司法实践似乎已经形成了行政合同审查的民行分野的内在界限。然而,进一步的探讨揭示,民事审判处理行政合同引发的请求权纠纷,容易发生对公共利益关照不足、于相对人一方权益保障不备、裁判执行困难重重等缺陷,而现行的行政诉讼制度接纳行政合同案件,亦存在诉讼时效起算、当事人资格、受案范围与审查依据的协调,以及复合行政活动审查的困难。解决问题的根本出路在于,建构以行政法律关系为审查对象的行政诉讼制度。Most administrative law scholars on the mainland take the subject,content,goal,application of law and administrative privilege of administrative contract as the fundamental differences between the administrative contract and civil contract,which support their idea about the administrative trial of administrative contract. But the result of reviewing the judicial interpretation and policy documents issued by the SPC reveals that the SPC's attitude of administrative contact is always swinging. Affected by this,the Civil Tribunal of the SPC deals with some administrative contract claims involving with element of administrative contract's subject,content,goal,application of law. Meanwhile most administrative contract cases judged by the Administrative Tribunal of the SPC cause by administrative privilege. It seems like the judicial practice has already developed an interior boundary of the division of reviewing administrative contact between the Civil Tribunal and the Administrative Tribunal. However,the further study reveals when the Civil Tribunal deals with the administrative contract claims,it's easy to ignore public interest,and also can't afford a perfect protection to the private party,while having a lot of difficulties of judgment enforcement. At the same time,there are lots of difficulties when the Administrative Tribunal reviews administrative contract,such as the calculation of lawsuit prescription,the litigant qualification,the coordination between the scope of litigation and legal basis of judicial review,as well as the difficulty in reviewing a multiple administrative activities. The fundamental way out lies in building an administrative litigation system that focuses on reviewing administrative jural relations.

关 键 词：行政合同 民事审判 行政审判 行政特权 行政法律关系 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]