资源配置的“跷跷板”:中国的城镇化进程  

A Seesaw for Resource Allocation:The Process of Chinese Urbanization

作　　者：余壮雄[1] 李莹莹[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学产业经济研究院,广东广州510632

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2014年第11期18-29,共12页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目"推动经济发达地区产业转型升级的机制与政策研究"(批准号71333007);国家自然科学基金青年项目"基于容量约束影响的企业竞争策略研究"(批准号71401057);广东省自然科学基金面上项目"基于企业内在技术结构调整微观视角的产业升级研究"(批准号S2013010013826)

摘　　要：中国应该走以发展大城市为主还是以发展小城市为主的城镇化道路一直是学术界争议的焦点。本文使用1998—2007年中国城市与企业数据,考察了城镇化进程所引发的资源流动以及城市发展优势的转移情况。结果表明,城镇化对于地区资源配置存在"跷跷板"效应,即城镇化水平上升会增加城市新增企业数量,降低区域内其他类型城市的新增企业数量。城镇化效率的城市差异分析表明,城镇化效率与城市规模之间存在"U型"结构,特大城市与迷你城市的城镇化对企业生产率具有正向影响;但从趋势上看,这种"U型"结构正在逐渐向"倒U型"结构翻转,城镇化优势正在从特大城市向中型城市转移。中国的城镇化以发展中型城市为主,将带来更大效益。政府应适当控制特大城市发展,解决城市过度拥挤所带来的各种社会问题;同时,在当前规划基础上拓宽对中型城市的界定,避免城市规模偏小所导致的效率损失。Should Chinese urbanization give priority to large cities or small cities is always the focus of academic study. This paper investigates the resource allocation caused by urbanization and the development advantage transfer among cities using the city and firm data from 1998 to 2007. Empirical results show that the influence of urbanization on regional resource allocation seems like a seesaw, which is called ＇seesaw effect＇. As the level of city urbanization increases, the number of new firms raises, while that for other type cities in the near area decreases. The analysis on the city differences of urbanization efficiency shows that there is a U-shaped structure between the urbanization efficiency and the city size, and urbanization has a positive effect to firms＇ productivities in giant cities and mini cities. However, this U-shaped structure has turned gradually into an inverted U-shaped structure, and the development advantage has transferred from giant cities to middle cities. It will bring a great economic benefit to choose middle cities as the main dereetion in the process of Chinese urbanization. The government should control the size of giant cities to solve the social problems caused by excessive crowding, and expand the scales of middle cities to avoid the loss of efficiency caused by low city size.

关 键 词：城镇化 资源配置 城市发展战略 

分 类 号：F291.1[经济管理—国民经济]