“代表全国”:20世纪上半叶的国语标准论争  

“Representing the Whole Country: ” Controversy over a Mandarin Standard in the First Half of the 20th Century

作　　者：王东杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2014年第6期77-100,161,共24页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"中国近代国语运动研究"(08BZS033);2012年度四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费研究专项项目(skgt201204)资助

摘　　要：国语标准的确立曾在20世纪上半叶激起广泛论争,其实质是如何塑造一个既能凝聚国人普遍认同又满足各种群体平等诉求的一体性文化,焦点则是何种语言能够"代表全国",以及谁有权力确定这个资格。论战交杂了不同地域、阶级意识的冲突,寄托了不同政治群体各异的"国家"理想。他们提出的具体方案其实相差不大,但微小的差异却被赋予了极为重要的政治意义,各派立场也因而互不相容。The establishment of a Mandarin standard aroused extensive controversy in the first half of the 20 th century. The essence of the debate was how to create a unified culture that could not only gain the general approval of the Chinese people,but also meet the equal appeals of various groups. The focus of the debate was on deciding what kind of language could "represent the whole country,"and who had the right to establish this qualification. The controversy implicated varied conflicts between mentalities in different regions and classes,and many different political groups wanted to impose their different ideals of the"nation"on the national language. In fact these groups' specific plans were not very different,but the slight distinctions were endowed with extremely important political meanings. The positions of the various factions were therefore incompatible.

关 键 词：国语 国家统一 国民平等 地域意识 阶级意识 

分 类 号：H102[语言文字—汉语]