北宋天文“作伪”现象及其原因探析  

A Study on the Forged Phenomena and the Reasons for Their Occurrence in Northern Song Astronomy

作　　者：董煜宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学科学史与科学文化研究院,上海200240

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2014年第2期145-157,共13页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

摘　　要：在政府的管理运作下,北宋的历法编订、天文仪器创制以及天象观测等都取得了辉煌成就。然而在辉煌的背后,北宋的天文工作也存在一些问题,出现了弄虚作假现象,其原因主要来自两个方面:第一,从政府管理层面来看,皇权政治与天文学之间的价值冲突、天文星占中缺乏有效的监管机制、天文职业的世袭制度等因素导致了弄虚作假现象的出现。第二,从技术官吏个人层面来看,以权谋私、敷衍了事、急于求成等因素是导致天文人员"作伪"的主观原因。皇权政治过度介入技术工作、技术官吏以技谋私的思想会给天文工作带来负面影响,而政府监管适当、学者目标明确的自主探索则有助于推动天文学的创新发展。During the Northern Song Dynasty, with the sponsorship and organization by state, a lot of achievements were created in such astronomical activities as calendar-making, observation and innovation of instruments. But, there were forged phenomena in astronomy. The two main factors leading up to the forged astronomical phenomena are follows. First, from the view of the state control and management of astronomy which was associated with a belief about the responsibilities of empire, the conflict of value between politics and technology, and the lack of rules for supervising in astrology and the hereditary system in personnel matters resulted the phenomena. Second, from the view of the technical officials＇ motive, abusing power for personal gains, doing thing perfunctorily and being ea- ger for instant success and quick profit the phenomena. When political management interfered tech- nology excessively, the technical officials did their work with improper motive, there were forged brought about phenomena in astronomy. On the contrary, when the state supervised astronomical ac- tivities properly, with definite object the technical officials did the works on their own initiative, the development and innovation of astronomy would the promoted.

关 键 词：北宋 天文学 作伪 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]