解磷真菌的研究进展与应用前景  

Advance and Application Prospect of Phosphate-solubilizing Fungi

作　　者：唐哲[1] 杨洪一[1] 李丽丽[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生命科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江省林业科学研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2014年第32期11287-11288,11296,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31200517;31300573);黑龙江省自然科学基金(QC2011C110);哈尔滨市科技创新人才基金(2012RFQYN023)

摘　　要：磷是植物体生长发育所必需的三大元素之一。尽管绝大多数土壤中含有着丰富的磷元素,但因土壤中所含的磷元素易被固定且易形成沉淀,因此土壤中实际能被植物体利用的磷元素很少。目前多采用人工施用磷肥的方法。这是一种较快速的解决植物缺磷的手段,但长期施用会造成土壤污染,不利于植物的生长。近年研究表明,解磷微生物可以将土壤中难以被植物利用的无效磷转化为可被植物利用的有效磷,而解磷微生物中的解磷真菌的解磷能力高于解磷细菌和放线菌。笔者对解磷真菌的解磷机制、解磷能力、对植物的影响以及生态学意义等进行了综述。Phosphorus,as one of the three major elements,is essential for plant growth and development.However,phosphorus in the soil is rarely used by plants because it is easy to be fixed and forms precipitation,despite the large amount of its content.Nowadays,the artificial fertilizer of phosphorus is widely used in order to solve the problem of the lack of phosphorus in plants.Nonetheless,long-term use could cause soil pollution,which is not conducive to the growth of plants.In the recent years,studies have found that phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms in the soil can transform ineffective phosphorus into the effective phosphorus that can be utilized by plant.Compared with bacteria and actinomycetes,phosphorus-solubilizing fungi had higher ability in solubilization of phosphorus.In this paper,the phosphorus-solubilizing mechanism of phosphorus-solubilizing fungi,phosphorus-solubilizing ability of fungi,influence on the plants and ecological significance were summarized.

关 键 词：解磷真菌 解磷能力 解磷机理 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]