为什么贫困会削弱决策能力?三种心理学解释  

Why Poverty Impedes Decision Performance?Three Psychological Explanations

作　　者：吕小康[1] 汪新建[1] 付晓婷[2] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院社会心理学系,天津300071 [2]西南财经大学经济与管理研究院,成都611130

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2014年第11期1823-1828,共6页Advances in Psychological Science

摘　　要：贫困削弱决策能力的心理学解释有三种基本视角:注意力损耗论认为个体的注意力易集中于资源匮乏的领域而忽略其他,意志力损耗论认为抵制外在诱惑会消耗其意志力,认知控制损耗论认为贫困者的经济决策在难度上高于其他决策。这三种有限心理资源的损耗会削弱贫困者的认知表现而诱发非理性决策。后续研究应注意澄清三大机制之间的区别,分析贫困损耗认知的结果是否具有可逆性,同时就已有结果的跨文化适用性做出验证。Studies on why poverty impedes decision performance consist of three psychological perspectives. Theory of attention proposes that scarcity directs one’s limited attention to the scarce resources and thus neglects other dimensions; theory of willpower argues the depletion of willpower during the process of resisting temptations from goods or entertainments leads to the failure of self-control; theory of cognitive control contends that poor people tends to make financial decisions with more difficulties and thus more resources are consumed than making other determinations. Depletion of these limited psychological resources impedes the poor’s cognitive performance and leads to irrational behaviors. Further researches should clarify the differences among the three models, explore if the consequences of poverty are reversible, and verify the existing results among different cultures.

关 键 词：贫困 匮乏 注意力 意志力 认知控制 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]