施用控释氮肥对油菜产量、农艺性状及土壤肥力的影响  

Effect of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Rapeseed Yield,Agronomic Characters and Soil Fertility

作　　者：孙玉桃[1,2] 鲁艳红[1,2] 聂军[1,2] 廖育林[1,2] 谢坚[1,2] 杨曾平[1,2] 周兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125 [2]农业部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站,长沙410125

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第30期83-88,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目"粮食丰产科技工程湖南专项第3期"长江中游南部(湖南)水稻丰产节水节肥技术集成与示范"(2013BAD07B11);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目"粮食主产区土壤肥力演变与培肥技术研究与示范"(201203030);国际合作项目"湖南省现代双季稻高效养分管理技术研究"(IPNI Hunan-18)

摘　　要：为了探讨控释氮肥对油菜的肥料效应,通过池栽试验,选取洞庭湖区3种主要土壤在连续4年"稻—稻—冬闲"后将冬闲改种油菜施用旱作控释氮肥,研究控释氮肥对油菜产量、农艺性状、生长性状及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,在紫潮泥及河沙泥2种土壤中施用控释氮肥促进了油菜植株的生长发育,可获得较高油菜产量,比施等N量尿素处理分别增产12.2%和9.8%,70%控释氮肥效果明显降低。施用控释氮肥后河沙泥土壤碱解氮和有机碳含量比油菜试验前分别增加25.0%和3.2%,紫潮泥碱解氮含量提高13.5%,并均高于尿素和70%控释氮肥2个处理。而红黄泥施用控释氮肥对油菜产量和土壤肥力的影响均不及等N量尿素处理,70%控释氮肥处理的效应则更小。施用控释氮肥对紫潮泥及河沙泥的油菜生产具有显著增产效果及土壤氮素肥力提升作用。In order to study the effects of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer （CRNF） on rapeseed, a simulated experiment was adopted with 3 types of paddy soils in Dong-Ting Lake area after 4-years of continuous applying CRNF under double rice cropping and fallow system and the fallow changed to rapeseed. The effect of controlled release fertilizer on rapeseed yield, agronomic characters and soil fertility were studied in this paper. The results showed that CRNF improved the growth of rapeseed plant and the highest grain yield occurred in CRNF treatments in purple calcareous clayed paddy soil （PCS） and alluvial loamy paddy soil （ALS） which increased by 12.2% and 9.8%, respectively, compared with applying urea （CF treatment）. Yield in 70% CRNF treatment decreased obviously compared with CF treatment. Contents of available N and organic carbon in soil increased by 25.0% and 3.2% after rapeseed cropping than before rapeseed cropping under CRNF treatment in ALS, and available N increased by 13.5% in PCS. Both rapeseed yield and soil fertility under CRNF treatment and 70% CRNF treatment were lower than that under CF treatment in reddish yellow clayed paddy soil （RYS）.The results indicated that the effects on grain yield and soil nitrogen fertility improvement of applying CRNF on rapeseed in PCS and ALS were relatively obvious.

关 键 词：控释氮肥 油菜产量 农艺性状 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学] S565.4