温室增温和灌溉量变化对棉花产量、生物量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Rising Temperatures in Green House and Variation of Irrigation on Seed Cotton Yield,Biomass and Water Use Efficiency

作　　者：黄健[1] 季枫 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,乌鲁木齐830002 [2]乌兰乌苏镇农业气象试验站,新疆石河子832199

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第30期152-157,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：科技部;财政部公益性行业科研专项"农田水分利用效率对气候变化的响应与适应技术"(GYHY201106029);国家重大科学研究计划"973"项目"干旱半干旱区生态系统和水资源脆弱性评估及风险预估"(2012CB956204-2)

摘　　要：为了解气候变化对棉花生长的影响,在2011—2012年,通过2个温室进行增温和灌溉量变化的试验（一个温室用红外灯管增温,另一个不增温）,每个温室设田间灌溉量的0.7倍、0.85倍、1倍、1.15倍、1.3倍5个灌溉水平,研究增温和灌溉量对产量、生物量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,棉花生长季平均温度增加1-3.5℃有利于产量的增加,生长季、花期和铃期温度升高1℃,产量分别增加200.694、225.732、109.838 kg/hm2,而蕾期温度升高1℃却会降低产量162.814 kg/hm2。生长季和蕾期增温1℃会分别降低生物量1079.2、1179.8 kg/hm2,降低产量和干物质的水分利用效率3.4215、2.8098 kg/（hm2·mm）。灌溉倍数每增加1倍,产量和生物量分别增加734.51、2242.3 kg/hm2。但增温会增加水分的消耗量,这对于处于干旱区的新疆来说是不利的。随着气候变暖,棉花耗水增大,产量增加。In order to understand the effects of climate change on cotton growth, a field experiment with nsmg temperatures and different irrigation amounts in two green houses was conducted in 2011-2012. Infrared lamps were used to enhance temperatures in one green house, and no infrared lamps were used in another green house. Five irrigation levels, which were 0.7 times, 0.85 times, 1 times, 1.15 times and 1.3 times of field irrigation amounts, were employed in every green house. All the measures were to study the effects of rising temperatures and irrigation amounts on seed cotton yields, biomass and water use efficiency. The results showed that rising mean temperature of 1-3.5℃ during cotton growth season helped raise seed cotton yields. Rising temperature of 1 ℃ at the growing season, anthesis and boll-opening stages, seed cotton yields increased by 200.694, 225.732 and 109.838 kg/hm2; but rising temperature of I℃ at the stage of budding would decrease seed cotton yields by 162.814 kg/hmZ. Rising temperature of 1℃ at the growing season and budding stages, biomass decreased by 1079.2 and 1179.8 kg/hm2, respectively, TWUE and BWUE decreased by 3.4215 and 2.8098 kg/hm2, respectively. Rising 1 times irrigation, the seed cotton yields and biomass increased by 734.51 and 2242.3 kg/hm2, respectively. However, rising temperatures would enhance water use, which was disadvantageous for an arid region like Xinjiang. With climate warming, much water will be needed for high yield of cotton.

关 键 词：棉花产量 增温 灌溉量 气候变化 生物量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]