几种秸秆纤维的理化特性研究  

Study on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Several Straw Fiber

作　　者：李丽霞[1] 陈海涛[2] 纪文义[2] 周成[3] 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,云南昆明650500 [2]东北农业大学工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [3]黑龙江省农垦科学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《大豆科学》2014年第5期691-696,共6页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2012BAD32B02);云南省省级人培项目(14118644)

摘　　要：为了综合利用秸秆并且提高秸秆的附加值,通过采用Leica显微镜测定秸秆纤维形态,SPSS 17.0统计分析纤维长宽比,Design-expert 6.0.10区组对比分析秸秆、纤维间理化特性差异和秸秆纤维间抗张强度的差异,对几种秸秆纤维的理化特性及机械打浆特性进行了研究。结果表明：1）大豆秸秆纤维粗大,棉秆纤维细小,茄秆和烟杆纤维介于二者之间;0.25-0.50 mm组分纤维长宽比最小,因此在打浆前可采用筛分工艺,利于纤维分支化,大豆秸秆纤维和茄子秸秆纤维长宽比大,更利于纤维帚化;2）经加工后的大豆秸秆纤维中半纤维素显著增加,纤维素和木质素显著下降,可以提高纸的强度,降低纸的脆性,因此适宜加工纸制产品;3）几种秸秆纤维叩解度与打浆时间呈乘幂数增加,湿重与打浆时间呈二次多项式负相关;生产中大豆秸秆和茄子秸秆可在150 min时测定叩解度,烟秆和棉秆可在250 min时测定叩解度;烟秆纤维抗张强度显著大于其他几种秸秆。In order to improve the additional value and the comprehensive utilization of straw. In this paper,physic-chemical properties and mechanical pulping characteristics of several kinds of straw fibers were studied. Straw fiber morphology was determined by Leica microscope,statistical analysis of the length,width and length to width ratio were studied by SPSS 17. 0. The difference contrast with physic-chemical and tensile strength characteristic of straw fiber was analyzed by Design-expert6. 0. 10. The results showed that 1）soybean straw fiber was thick,screening process should be used in the production. Length to width ratio of soybean straw and eggplant stalk fiber were larger,it was good for fiber fibrillation. 2）Strength of fiber could be improved by hemicellulose in papermaking,and the lignin increased the brittleness of the fiber,the hemicellulose of the soybean straw fiber after processing significantly increased,cellulose and lignin content decreased significantly after the process,therefore it was suitable for processing products. Tensile strength of tobacco stalk fiber was large,there were significant differences with several other kinds of straws,due to higher cellulose content of the fibers after processing. 3）The initial beating degree of straw pulp was low,beating degree increased into a power with beating time,the wet weight negatively correlated with beating time. Measure frequency of the beating degree could be reduced in production. Beating degree of soybean straw and eggplant stalk could be determined when the beating time was 150 min,tobacco stalk and cotton stalk could be measured at the beating time of 250 min.

关 键 词：秸秆 纤维 综合利用 理化特性 

分 类 号：TQ352[化学工程] S38[农业科学—农艺学]