灯笼鱼属仔稚鱼的发育形态及其分类检索  

Morphogenesis and taxonomic identification of larvae and juveniles in genus Myctophum Rafinesque,1810

作　　者：卞晓东[1] 万瑞景[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《水产学报》2014年第10期1731-1746,共16页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31272667);国家"九七三"重点基础研究发展规划(2011CB409805);全球变化研究重大科学研究计划项目(2010CB951204)

摘　　要：研究灯笼鱼属仔稚鱼的发育形态与分类特征,为以后相关的海洋生态调查的仔稚鱼种类鉴定提供参考资料,以相关的灯笼鱼属仔稚鱼形态与分类特征文献为依据,对1978年4—5月和8—10月太平洋中部热带水域、1979年5—6月西太平洋热带水域,1984年4—7月、1984年12月—1985年1月和1985年4—6月东海外海黑潮流域调查采集到的灯笼鱼属鱼类的仔稚鱼样品进行分类鉴定,共鉴定了栉刺灯笼鱼、闪光灯笼鱼、粗鳞灯笼鱼、斑点灯笼鱼、金焰灯笼鱼、东方灯笼鱼、钝吻灯笼鱼和灯笼鱼Myctophum sp.等8种仔稚鱼。观察和描述了其个体发育形态,并引用发光灯笼鱼、双灯灯笼鱼、粗短灯笼鱼、短颌灯笼鱼、Myctophum sp1.和Myctophum sp2.的形态特征,构建了目前全球已了解的11种灯笼鱼以及3种未定到种的Myctophum sp.、Myctophum sp1.和Myctophum sp2.仔稚鱼的种类分类检索表。观察结果显示,灯笼鱼属仔稚鱼鱼体细长,头部呈三角形、微扁,眼非圆形,眼部脉络组织发达或有发达眼柄支撑,颊部、胸鳍和鳃盖骨边缘具黑色素,消化管末端内侧或外侧色素均匀分布,两颌生有小利牙,具脂鳍,发育过程除金焰灯笼鱼外均具有发达扇形胸鳍,这是灯笼鱼属仔稚鱼共有的形态特征。金焰灯笼鱼形态特征独特,头部非常扁平,两眼眼柄非常发达,向体外两侧伸展,消化管末端游离于体外。仔稚鱼两眼前后是否具眼柄和眼部脉络组织形状,上下颌骨末端是否具黑色素,胸鳍柄和鳍条间黑色素有无,尾柄末端、脂鳍和臀鳍后缘是否具黑色素斑分布,消化道末端色素的分布等发育形态特征是该属仔稚鱼种类鉴别和分类的主要依据。In order to recognize the morphogenesis and its application in the taxonomic identification of fish larvae and juveniles in genus Myctophum Rafinesque, 1810, larvae and juveniles samples collected during the oceanographical expedition cruises, which were carried out in central and western tropical Pacific during April 1978 to June 1979 and in Kuroshio Current extension regions of the East China Sea during April 1984 to June 1986 ,were identified separately based on the references related to the morphological and taxonomic features of this genus. The authors identified the larvae and juveniles of Myctophum spinosum（ Steindachner, 1867）, M. nitidulum Garman, 1899, M. asperum Richardson, 1845, M. punctatum Rafinesque, 1818, M. aurolaternatum Garman, 1899, M. orientale （ Gilbert, 1913 ）, M. obtusirostris TAning, 1928 and Myctophum sp. , and described their ontogeny in morphological characteristics in detail. Combined with the morphological characteristics of M. phengodes, M. lychnobium, M. selenops, M. brachygnathum, Myctophum spl. and Myctophum sp2. from the references, the identification key to these fourteen species of Myctophum distributed in the world, including eleven species with morphological characteristics already known and other Myctophum speices which allows identification at the genus level, has been established. The result showed that all but M. aurolaternatum larvae and juveniles in genus Myctophum were observed with enlarged fan- shaped pectoral fins. The head somewhat fiat was in a triangular shape with non-spherical eyes on elongate stalks or with well developed conical choroid mass. Pigments were distributed on the jaws,isthmus,opercle, branchiostegal membrance and pectoral fin base. Pigment patterns on lateral gut were evenly distributed on trailing section, except heavier near terminus. The jaws were full of sharp teeth. A single adipose fin was found on the back behind the dorsal fin. All these were the common characteristics of larvae and juveniles in genus Myctophum. M. aurolaternatum

关 键 词：灯笼鱼属 仔稚鱼 发育形态 分类检索 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]