1961—2010年东北地区四季开始日及长短变化特征分析  

Variation characteristics of the starting date and length of seasons over Northeast China during 1961 to 2010

作　　者：王雷[1] 吴正方[1] 杜海波[1] 宗盛伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学地理科学学院,长春130024

出　　处：《气象科学》2014年第5期499-507,共9页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41171038);吉林省自然科学基金资助项目(20101561)

摘　　要：用1961—2010年东北地区90个气象观测站的观测资料,采用钱诚等四季划分的方法,分析了东北地区四季开始日、长短变化特征及其对农业的影响。研究表明:东北地区近50 a来,四季(春、夏、秋、冬)平均开始日分别为4月10日、6月25日、8月11日和10月20日,平均长度分别为80 d、51 d、72 d和171 d,且区域差异比较明显。春季和夏季的开始日在明显提前,分别为-1.46 d/10a、-1.99 d/10a;秋季和冬季的开始日明显推迟,分别为2.05 d/10a、0.90 d/10a。平均春、秋和冬季的持续时间在缩短,分别为-0.54 d/10a、-1.15 d/10a、-2.50 d/10a,春、秋季的变化未通过显著性检验,冬季通过了0.05的显著性检验。夏季时间延长,为3.38 d/10a。春季的提前和秋季的推迟,使农作物适宜生育期延长;同时对作物品种熟性和种植格局也会产生一定的影响。Using the recorded data from 90 meteorological stations over Northeast China during 1961-2010 and the four-season division method proposed by Qianehen, the variation features of starting date and length of seasons were analyzed and its effects on agriculture were discussed. The results show that the average starting dates were April 10, June 25, August 11, October 20 and average length were 80 d, 51 d, 72 d, 171 d for spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively over Northeast China in the last 50 years with obvious spatial variations. It is clear that starting dates of spring and summer became earlier with the trends of -1.46 d/10a and -1.99 d/10a, while in autumn and winter, it became later with the values of 2. 05 d/10a and 0. 90 d/10a. The average length of spring, autumn and winter became shorter, amounting to -0.54 d/10a, -1.15 d/10a and -2.50 d/10a respectively, the confidence levels in spring and autumn tended not to be able to pass, but it was at 0. 05 in winter. Summer became longer at the rate of 3.38 d/10a. The early coming of starting date of spring and its delay in autumn contribute to extending the growing period of crops and greatly affect the crop varieties and planting pattern.

关 键 词：四季开始日 四季长度 候温法 

分 类 号：P468[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]