核辐射对雄性哺乳动物生育和精子发生损伤效应的研究  

Study of the damage of nuclear radiation to spermatogenesis and fertility in male mammals

作　　者：党连凯[1] 王清芝[1] 宋兰芳[1] 聂玉升 单祥年[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生物物理研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院昆明动物研究所,昆明650223

出　　处：《生殖医学杂志》2014年第10期822-827,共6页Journal of Reproductive Medicine

摘　　要：本文报道布放于核爆现场和下风向不同距离地区的狗(221只)、恒河猴(90只)、大白鼠(760只)等动物,在核爆炸时受到不同剂量γ-射线、中子、β-射线等外照射、内照射、内外复合照射,核爆炸后进行生育能力和精子发生过程损伤效应的研究结果。从核爆后第1天至动物死亡,开展交配生殖实验,精液参数检测,精子、睾丸的光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察测试。发现核辐射后生育能力分为可生育期、不育期、"恢复"期、永久不育期;精子数量、活率等出现马鞍形变化曲线,睾丸不同生精细胞敏感性有较大差异,初级精母细胞对辐射最敏感,成熟精子最不敏感。This paper reported the research results about the acute and chronic radiation damages of atomic bomb tests on spermatogenesis and fertility in mammals including 221 dogs, 760 rats and 90 monkeys. These animals were exposed internal and external radiations at the different doses of neutrons, gamma rays, beta particles and alpha particles, etc. The semen examinations were conducted at time intervals till the animal died, and the testicular damages were examined under light and electron microscope. The mating t-sts were also performed to investigate nuclear radiation effects on fertility and mutations in offspring. The research results found that atomic bombing radiation caused spermatogenesis damage, testicular atrophy,and fertility deterioration. The fertility could be divided into four stages.＂fertility＂,＂infertility＂, ＂recovery＂ and ＂sterility＂. The fluctuation of sperm counts after exposed radiations showed a saddle shaped curve. Under light microscopy and electron microscopy, various abnormalities in sperm morphology and seminiferous tubule structures were found. The sensitivity to radiation was very different in the different kinds of spermatogenic cells. The primary spermatocytes were the most vulnerable to radiation, and mature sperm were the least.

关 键 词：核辐射 精子发生 生育力 光学显微镜 电子显微镜 

分 类 号：R7[医药卫生—临床医学]