小麦矮化、多雌蕊、不育新突变体的形态和遗传分析  

Morphological and genetic analysis of a novel wheat mutant of dwarf,multi-pistils and sterility

作　　者：沈椿才 秦召[1] 李巧云[1] 吕桂珍[1] 段宗彪 倪永静 牛吉山[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002 [2]商丘市农林科学院,河南商丘476000

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2014年第5期535-541,共7页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家"863"项目(2012AA101105);河南重点科技攻关项目(122101110200)

摘　　要：从普通小麦＂周麦18＂中发现了一个矮化、多雌蕊且雄性不育突变体,命名为dms.SSR标记分析表明,突变体和＂周麦18＂间的遗传背景高度相似,证明了突变体dms来源于＂周麦18＂.突变体dms后代按株高可分为3种表现型,高株T、中等株M和矮株D.对突变体3种表现型与＂周麦18＂进行了详细形态学分析,结果表明,第5节间长度缩短决定了T型植株与＂周麦18＂之间的株高差异;穗长与节间长度的缩短共同作用导致M型植株株高降低;减少了2个节间,加上穗长与节间长度的显著变短决定了D型株高不足30 cm.D型植株小花异常,每个小花具有1～6个雌蕊,且不能结实.经育性分析证明,其为雄性不育突变体.遗传分析结果表明,dms突变体的多雌蕊和不育性状由1对隐性基因控制,并命名为Tadms;株高则由半显性等位基因Ta DMS控制.突变体dms的3种表现型对应的基因型分别为：高株Ta DMSTa DMS,中等株Ta DMSTadms和矮株Tadms Tadms.A wheat mutant of dwarf, multi-pistils and sterility was derived from common wheat cultivar ＇ Zhoumai 18＇ , and it was named as dins. SSR marker assay showed that the genetic backgrounds be- tween dins and ＂ Zhoumai 18＇ were highly similar, which demonstrated that the mutant dins was de- rived from ＇ Zhoumai 18＇ indeed. The offsprings of dins could be classified into three phenotypes tall （T） , middle （M） and dwarf （D） plants based on their plant height. Compared with ＇Zhoumai 18＇ , the shortened fifth internode of T plants determined the difference of plant height between ＇ Zhoumai 18＇ and T phenotype; both shortened ear and internode length led to the plant height reduction of M plant; reduced two internodes, together with both significant shortened ear and internode length deter- mined D plants with plant height of no more than 30 cm. Florets of D plants developed abnormally, in which there were one to six pisitils, and they did not produce seeds. Fertility analysis indicated the D plants were male sterility. Genetic analysis showed that the multi-pistils and sterility traits of mutant dms were controlled by one recessive gene locus Tadms and the plant height was controlled by its allele TaDMS, a semi-dominant gene. The genotypes of the corresponding phenotypes were TaDMSTaDMS （T plant）, TaDMSTadms （M plant） and TadmsTadms （D plant）, respectively.

关 键 词：小麦 突变体 矮化 多雌蕊 雄性不育 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]