贵州乌蒙烟区清甜香烤烟风格的区域分布及其气候特征分析  

Regional distribution and analysis of climatic characteristics of light-sweet flavor style of flue-cured tobacco in Wumeng tobacco-growing areas

作　　者：刘炳清[1] 翟欣 许自成[1] 杨双剑 陈雪 黄化刚 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,河南郑州450002 [2]贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司,贵州毕节551700

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2014年第5期542-549,共8页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司重点科技攻关项目(GY2012-06)

摘　　要：在贵州乌蒙烟区87个乡镇进行烟叶样品的采集和测定,并收集了该烟区近40年的气候因素资料,利用光照、温度、降雨量等主要气候因子数据分析了乌蒙清甜香烤烟风格形成的气候特征.结果表明,贵州乌蒙烟区具有海拔较高、日照充足、降雨丰富、温度偏低等特点,其中光热指标在全区内的变异性较弱,而降雨量的部分指标变异幅度较大,可能是影响该区烤烟特色品质的关键.根据香型得分可将乌蒙清甜香烤烟分为典型清甜香、清甜香和弱清甜香.其中典型清甜香烤烟香气质较好、香气量较充足,烟气细腻、柔和圆润,杂气较轻,刺激性小,余味干净舒适.随着烤烟清甜香风格的增强,海拔逐渐升高,各热量指标均逐渐降低,不同亚型烤烟区的各热量指标差异均达到显著水平;典型清甜香烟区移栽期和旺长期的日照时数最多,弱清甜香最少,而伸根期、成熟期、大田期的日照时数则表现出相反趋势;除成熟期降雨量之外,其余降水指标在3种清甜香亚型之间差异显著.随着清甜香风格增强,生育期降雨量呈现逐渐增多趋势.The tobacco leaf samples collected from 87 villages and towns in Wumeng tobacco-growing areas were determined, while the meteorological data of nearly 40 years were collected. Analyzing the major meteorological data in term of sunshine, temperature and rainfall, we identified the climatic characteristics of light-sweet flavor style of flue-cured tobaccos. The results showed that Wumeng to- bacco-growing areas were provided with a relatively high altitude, an adequate sunshine duration and rainfall, while its average temprature was lower. Variabilities of optothermal indexs were weaker, but variation amplitudes of some rainfall indexs were bigger, which might be the key factor affecting the quality of Wumeng flue-cured tobaccos. According to the aroma scores,light-sweet flavor style of flue- cured tobaccos in Wumeng tobacco-growing areas could be divided into three subtypes： typical light- sweet flavor style, light-sweet flavor style, and weak light-sweet flavor style, of which typical lightsweet flavor flue-cured tobaccos had good aroma quality including rich aroma volume, exquisite, soft and fruity smoke, less offensive and irritating odor, clean and comfortable aftertaste. With light-sweet flavor style enhancing, altitudes were higher and higher, heat indexes gradually reduced, and the differences of the heat indexes in different subtypes were highly significant. Typical light-sweet flavor tobacco-growing areas had the most sunshine durations during transplanting and vigorous growth periods and weak light-sweet flavor tobacco-growing areas had the minimum, while sunshine durations during the root extending period, maturing period and field period showed the contrary trend. In addition to the rainfall of mature period, other rainfall indexs among the three subtypes existed significant differ- ences and with light-sweet flavor style enhancing, rainfall during growth and development period pres- ented the increasing tendency.

关 键 词：乌蒙烟区 烤烟 清甜香型 气候因素 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]