草畜平衡补偿政策的受偿主体差异性探析——不同规模牧户草畜平衡差异的理论分析和实证检验  

Otherness Analysis on the Subjects of Indemnification about “Balancing Grass and Livestock” Compensation Policy:Variation Analysis of Herdsmen with Different Scales of Pastureland on “Balance of Forage and Livestock”

作　　者：李金亚[1,2] 薛建良[3] 尚旭东[3] 李秉龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [2]北京市经济与社会发展研究所,北京100120 [3]农业部管理干部学院,北京102208

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2014年第11期89-95,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：农业部;财政部"国家现代肉羊产业技术体系(编号:CARS-39)";"中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(编号:2013YJ011)"部分研究成果

摘　　要：草畜平衡制度是我国草原利用和生态保护的基本制度,国家对实行草畜平衡的牧户进行生态补偿。对不同规模牧户草畜平衡差异的理论演绎分析和实证检验发现:家庭人均草场经营面积正向影响牧户草畜平衡状况;中小牧户是超载过牧的主体,承担更多的减畜任务。而现行补偿政策与牧户草原承包面积挂钩,暗含不同牧户超载过牧程度均质的前提假设,补贴因而没能向更需要补偿的中小牧户倾斜,不利于他们实现草畜平衡。弥补牧户草畜平衡的机会成本损失、协调草畜平衡保护生态和增加牧民收入的政策目标,应该摒弃补偿与草场面积挂钩的做法,转为向中小牧户倾斜的收入支持政策。而根据经营规模区别补偿牧户,本研究证实牧户人均草场经营面积由于纳入了家庭供养人口信息,比经营草场总面积对草畜平衡状况的边际解释力更大,因此,依据户人均草原经营面积进行补偿比经营草场总面积更为科学有效。实现草畜平衡的根本还在于把牧区剩余劳动力转移出去。＂Balance of Forage and Livestock＂ System is the basic institution of grassland utilization and restoration in China,through which government makes ecological compensation to herdsmen who implement such policy.Theory analysis and empirical test on variation of herdsmen with different scales of pastureland indicate the following findings：①Grassland area per capita of households has a positive influence on the condition of their balance of forage and livestock ; ②Herdsmen with medium or small sized pasture land are the major overgrazing groups who carry out most of task of livestock reduction.However,present compensation policy pegged to the pastureland area of households,which assumed that households in different scales were homogeneous on overgrazing.Consequently,herdsmen with medium or small sized pasture land did not get the compensation they deserve.To compensate the lost opportunity costs of the herdsmen,small or medium sized herdsmen should be targeted in reducing overgrazing.So income support policy which ought to be independent of size of pasture land should be implemented.We also confirmed that grassland area per capita of households which included the population information of family support,has a better explanatory power on ＂Balance of Forage and Livestock＂ than total grassland area of households.So policy executed based on grassland area per capita of households is more scientific and effective than in accordance with total pastureland area of the family; ③The fundamental way to balance grass and livestock lies in the transfer of surplus labor force in pasturing area.

关 键 词：草畜平衡 生态补偿 超载过牧 经营规模 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]