“宗主权”的提出与加剧:1898至1921年英国侵藏政策的演变  

Evolution on Suzerainty of Britain Policy Invading Tibet of China from 1898 to 1921

作　　者：张皓[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学,北京100875

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2014年第4期133-143,共11页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金项目<蒙藏委员会委员长更迭与国民政府治藏政策演变轨迹研究>阶段性成果之一;批准号:13BMZ032

摘　　要：1898至1921年是英国以"宗主权"为中心的侵藏政策的提出、实施和基本确立的时期。为与俄国争夺中亚细亚,寇松提出中国对西藏只有宗主权,并寻找时机发动侵藏战争,逼签《拉萨条约》,"变西藏为实际上的保护领"。随后,英国声称西藏是"一个外国君主统治的国家",并与俄国合谋以中国只有宗主权来否定中国对西藏的主权。继之,英国加快侵藏步伐,企图强迫中国同意西藏"自治",并要求俄国同意其在西藏"行动自由"。1921年,英国政府采纳贝尔的建议,一方面反对中国政府恢复设置驻藏大臣和派驻军队,一方面企图制造"大西藏"以分裂中国,以这两大内容为核心、以宗主权为幌子的侵藏政策基本确定。It was during the period of the years from 1898 to 1921 that Britain used Suzerainty as a tool to deny China＇s sovereignty over Tibet, and its policy with Suzerainty as center invading Tibet evolved step by step and came to form at last. First of all, in order to scramble for the central Asian, Lord Curzon as Vieeroy of India announced that China only enjoyed Suzerainty over Tibet. He took chance to start a war invading Tibet and compelled the Tibetan local government to sign Lhasa Treaty which ＂made Tibet to be an actual protectorate of Great Britain＂. Secondly,Britain said that Tibet ＂was a feudatory state＂ and formed a conspiracy against China＇s sovereignty over Tibet with Suzerainty with Russia. After that, Britain took some steps to compel Chinese central government to allow Tibet to be ＂an autonomous state＂ on one hand, and to ask Russia to approve of ＂its free action＂ in Tibet on the other. In the year of 1921, British government took Bell＇s advice and opposed Chinese central government to take steps to appoint officials and station forces to Tibet on one band, and tried its best to make a ＂Big Tibet＂ to disrupt China on the other. By so, British government formed its fundamental policy invading Tibet under the cover of Suzerainty.

关 键 词：“宗主权” “不干涉政策” “宗主国” 

分 类 号：C958.121.4[社会学—民族学]