西藏拉萨大昭寺转经廊壁画制作工艺研究  

Studies on wall painting techniques at Jokhang Temple,Lhasa,Tibet,China

作　　者：王乐乐 李志敏[2] 张晓彤 梅建军[2] 马清林 

机构地区：[1]中国文化遗产研究院,北京100029 [2]北京科技大学冶金与材料史研究所,北京100083

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2014年第4期84-92,共9页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2012-JBKY-10)

摘　　要：古代壁画是一定时期政治、经济、文化、艺术和科技发展水平的物质反映,因此,利用现代科技分析手段提取其信息并将之与古代文献结合,则可逆推其制作工艺和判定其制作时间,进而确定其历史价值、科学价值和艺术价值,为艺术史研究和保护修复提供信息。本工作利用拉曼光谱(Raman)、偏光显微镜(PLM)、扫描电子显微镜与能谱仪(SEM-EDS)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)在西藏大昭寺转经廊壁画样品分析中获取的信息,结合文献,确定西藏拉萨大昭寺转经廊壁画绘制于清代晚期至20世纪80年代之间。此幅壁画地仗使用了阿嘎土,与文献记载一致;白粉层使用立德粉、碳酸镁和方解石等,与文献记载用白胶浆或者黄胶浆相异。同时发现壁画颜料采用藏族传统绘画配色方法。Ancient wall paintings reflect the politics, economy, culture, art and state of technology of their peri- ods. By using current technologies to analyze the ancient wall paintings, combined with related ancient documents, one can generate information on the painting technique used, estimate the age of the wall paintings and evaluate their historical, scientific and artistic values. In this work, samples from murals in the pilgrimage - corridor walls at Jokhang Temple, Lhasa, Tibet were analyzed by Raman and polarized light microscopy, scanning electron micros- copy with X- ray microanalysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X- ray diffraction. The wall painting of the Buddha Sakyamuni was likely to have been painted between the late Qing Dynasty and 1980s. The structure layer was made of ＂aga＂ soil, which is consistent with traditional Tibet documents. However, the white layer has lithopone, magnesium carbonate and calcite, which is different from that recorded in the document. In the docu- ment, a White or yellow glue mix was suggested for this layer. The pigments are used by traditional Tibetan painting methods.

关 键 词：中国西藏 壁画 颜料 拉曼光谱 绘画年代 制作工艺 

分 类 号：K879.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]