不同体力活动水平40-49岁高校女性教师心血管风险研究  

Associations of Physical Activity with Cardiovascular Risk in 40 to 49 Years Old College Women Teachers

作　　者：姜迪[1] 朱文斐[2] 曹建民[2] 谢敏豪[2] 郭娴[2] 孙宇亮[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学体育部,江苏南京210095 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084 [3]上海体育学院,上海200438

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2014年第4期360-364,共5页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(项目编号:2006BAK33B02)

摘　　要：目的：通过问卷和健康体检调查不同PA水平40-49岁高校女性教师相关心血管危险因素,为高校女性教师健康促进提供依据。方法：高校宣传招募415名40-49岁女性教师,采用IPAQ问卷调查日常PA水平后按PA不同分为高（H组）、中（M组）、低（L组）3组,测试身高、体重、腰围、BMI、体脂百分数、血压、PWV和ABI,抽取空腹静脉血测试血脂、血糖指标;采用递增负荷试验测试最大摄氧量,监控递增负荷运动中心电血压变化情况,评价运动中心血管风险。结果：M组和H组的BMI、体脂百分数较L组出现显著性下降（P〈0.05）,血糖均较L组显著性降低（P〈0.05）,M组和H组间差异无统计学意义。运动测试时,完成运动时间和最大心率各组间差异无统计学意义,M组VO2max较L组显著性升高（P〈0.05）,H组VO2max较L组非常显著性升高（P〈0.01）。运动测试中,M组ST段异常人数比例显著少于其他2组（P〈0.05）,但H组血压异常人数比例显著高于其他2组（P〈0.01）;同时,M组ST段下降幅度低于其他2组,QTC变化更平稳。结论：40-49岁高校女性教师随着PA的增加,可增强心肺耐力,减少安静时心血管风险因素;运动中,中等水平PA高校女性教师ST段下降的幅度较小,QTC变化较平稳,发生心电血压异常的几率最低,说明中等水平PA可通过改善运动中心脏功能增强心血管的调节,减少运动中心血管风险。Purpose ： To investigate the cardiovascular risks of different physical activity level of 40-49 college women teachers with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire （IPAQ） and physical examination. And then provide basis for their health promotion. Methods： A cross-sectional study was conducted in 415 college women teachers （40-49 yrs）. The IPAQ was used to measure PA and volunteers were categorized into three groups （low, moderate and high）. CVD risk factors, including height, weight, waist circumference （WC）, body mass index （BM1）, blood pressure（BP）, PWV and ABI were tested. The blood was collected to test blood lipids, and fasting blood glucose （FBG） at rest. GTXs were conducted to assess maximal oxygen consumption （VO2max）. Electrocardiogram and blood pressure were recorded to evaluation the cardiovascular risk during exercise. All the factors were tested to investigate the relationships between PA and cardiovascular risk. Results： BMI and body fat percentage were significantly decreased in M and H group compared with L group （P〈0.05）. In the meantime, FBG were significantly decreased in M and H group compared with L group （P〈0.05） , but there were no differences between the two groups. During the GTXs, the completion time and maximal heart rate showed no difference among the three groups. VO2max in M group was higher than L group （P〈0.05）, and it was also higher in H group than L group （P〈0.01）. The ratio of participants with ST segment depression was lowest in M group （P〈 0.05）. H group had more abnormal people in blood pressure than the other two groups（P〈0.01）. In the mean time, the falling range of ST segment was lower and the change of QTC was smoother in M group than the other two groups. Conclusions ： With the improvement of PA in 40 to 49 years middle-aged college women teachers, cardiovascular risk factors are decreasing and cardiorespiratory fitness are increasing. The moderate level PA college women teachers have

关 键 词：问卷调查 体力活动 高校女性教师 递增负荷运动 心血管风险 

分 类 号：G804.5[文化科学—运动人体科学]