Velvet和LaeA蛋白调控药用真菌发育及活性成分合成相关的研究进展  

Progress in the study of Velvet and LaeA proteins and their relation to the development and bioactive compounds in medicinal fungi

作　　者：徐志超[1] 孙超[1] 徐江[2] 张鑫[1] 罗红梅[1] 季爱加[1] 胡鸢雷[3] 宋经元[1,4] 陈士林[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193 [2]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [3]北京大学生命科学学院,北京100871 [4]重庆市药物种植研究所,重庆408435

出　　处：《药学学报》2014年第11期1520-1527,共8页Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(81130069);国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAI29B01);教育部长江学者与创新团队发展计划资助项目(IRT1150)

摘　　要：药用真菌在中国传统医学中占有重要地位,但面临野生资源稀缺和药用活性成分含量低等问题。Velvet和LaeA蛋白在大多数真菌(低等壶菌类到高等担子菌类)中均存在,对真菌发育与活性成分合成调控具有重要作用,本文阐述了这两类蛋白的结构与功能。Velvet蛋白家族包括VeA(Velvet)、VelB(Velvet like B)、VosA(viability of spores A)和VelC(Velvet like C)4个成员,均具有真菌特异的Velvet结构域,在真菌有性生殖、无性生殖和次生代谢产物合成等方面发挥调控功能,其作用受到光、温度等环境因素影响。LaeA蛋白具有S腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)依赖的甲基转移酶结构域(MTD),通过光受体蛋白介导,调控及修饰Velvet蛋白家族,协同调控真菌的生长发育和次生代谢。因此,阐明药用真菌Velvet和LaeA蛋白作用机制对重要药用真菌资源培育及活性成分合成调控具有指导作用。The medicinal fungi,which are of great importance in traditional medicine,are facing the problems of wild resources scarcity and low concentration of bioactive compounds. Velvet family and LaeA global regulator play a vital role in secondary metabolism and developmental programs,which are found in a wide variety of fungi ranging from Chytridiomycota to Basidiomycota. This review elaborates the structures and functions between Velvet family and LaeA protein. The Velvet family which shares the Velvet protein domain,including VeA（Velvet）,VelB（Velvet like B）,VosA（viability of spores A） and VelC（Velvet like C）,acts on the regulation function in secondary metabolism and developmental programs such as asexual and sexual development. Furthermore,the function is affected by environmental factors such as light and temperature. LaeA protein which owns S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase domain,coordinately regulates development and secondary metabolism by regulating and modifying the Velvet proteins. The regulation of LaeA is mediated by light receptor proteins. Therefore,clarifying the mechanism of Velvet and LaeA proteins in medicinal fungi will pave the way for nurturing medicinal fungi and improving production of bioactive compounds.

关 键 词：药用真菌 活性成分 生长发育 Velvet蛋白 LaeA全局调控因子 

分 类 号：R931[医药卫生—生药学]