老年外伤性脊柱骨折的临床特点及预防分析  

Analysis of clinical characteristics and prevention of traumatic spinal fracture of elderly patients

作　　者：陈国强[1] 方秀统[1] 俞猛[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院骨科,北京100038

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（医学版）》2014年第10期1493-1496,共4页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University:Medical Science

基　　金：教育部留学归国人员科研启动基金项目(2013-1792)~~

摘　　要：目的探讨老年外伤性脊柱骨折的临床特点,为完善老年性脊柱骨折患者预防措施及提高治疗效果提供依据。方法对168例老年外伤性脊柱骨折患者的年龄与性别分布情况、骨折原因、损伤节段及骨质疏松等级等临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果年龄分布主要集中在62～69岁,占64.3%（108/168）;摔伤是导致脊柱骨折的主要原因,占51.8%（87/168）,且女性比例较高（P〈0.05）,而男性高处坠落伤及重物砸伤比例较高（P〈0.05）。285个损伤节段中,胸椎及腰椎占81.1%（231/285）,其中胸腰段占54.7%（156/285）。男性患者颈椎骨折比例显著高于女性（P〈0.05）。女性患者胸椎及胸腰段骨折比例显著高于男性患者（P〈0.05）。随着年龄的增长,骨小梁的级数逐渐降低（P〈0.05）。同年龄患者中,老年女性骨小梁的级数明显低于老年男性（P〈0.05）。结论老年外伤性脊柱骨折的致伤原因及骨折损伤节段具有明显的性别差异,且均伴有不同程度的骨质疏松,应根据老年人性别差异与其自身特点对其外伤性脊柱骨折进行预防。Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of traumatic spinal fractures of the elderly and to provide evidences for improving preventive measures and treatment for elderly patients with spinal fractures.Methods One hundred and sixty eight elderly patients with traumatic spinal fractures were selected.Their clinical data, such as distributions of age and sex, causes of fractures, fractured levels, and osteoporosis levels,etc. were retrospectively analyzed. Results M ost patients were 62 to 69 years old, accounting for 64. 3%（ 108 /168） of all patients. Falling was the main cause of traumatic spinal fracture, accounting for 51. 8%（ 87 /168）, and female patients were more than male patients（ P 〈0. 05）.The rate of falling from high places and hitting by heavy objects of male patients was higher than that of female patients（ P 〈0. 05）. Among 285 vertebral body fractures, thoracic and lumbar vertebral body fractures accounted for 81. 1%（ 231 /285）, in which thoracolumbar segment fractures accounted for 54. 7%（ 156 /285）.The rate of cervical spinal fractures of male patients was significantly higher than that of female patients（ P〈 0. 05）.The rate of thoracic and thoracolumbar spinal fractures of female patients was significantly higher than that of male patients（ P〈 0. 05）.The grade of trabecular bone of male and female patients decreased progressively with the age（ P 〈0. 05）. Among patients with the same age, the grade of trabecular bone of female patients was significantly lower than that of male patients（ P 〈0. 05）. Conclusion Causes of traumatic spinal fractures and the segments of spinal fractures between elderly male patients and elderly female patients are significantly different. All patients have different degrees of osteoporosis. Prevention of traumatic spinal fractures should be carried out according to the gender difference and their own characteristics.

关 键 词：老年人 脊柱骨折 性别差异 骨质疏松 预防 

分 类 号：R683.2[医药卫生—骨科学]