Paleodietary changes by penguins and seals in association with Antarctic climate and sea ice extent  

作　　者：Tao Huang Liguang Sun Yuhong Wang Steven D.Emslie 

机构地区：[1]Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China [2]Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina

出　　处：《Chinese Science Bulletin》2014年第33期4456-4464,共9页

基　　金：supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41106162 and 40730107);the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Programmes(CHINARE2014-04-01 and CHINARE2014-02-01);the Open Research Fund from SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Sciencein China(KP201207)

摘　　要：Positioned near the top of the food web, the dietary composition of Antarctic penguins and seals can be an excellent indicator of the regional food web and thus the status of the marine ecosystem. The dietary composition of modern penguins and seals has been well investigated; a long-term time series of data on penguin and seal diets,however, are rare. Such data, especially any predating the initiation of human harvesting of fish, whales and seals in Antarctica, are crucial for understanding and predicting responses of regional marine food webs to natural climate changes. Here we review recent progress on research of paleodietary change in Antarctic penguins and seals, specifically the Ade′lie penguin(Pygoscelis adeliae) and Antarctic fur seal(Arctocephalus gazella). These studies indicate that the dietary changes of penguins correspond quite well with fluctuations in climate and sea ice extent during the Holocene. The depleted d15 N ratios found in modern Ade′lie penguins support the ‘‘krill surplus hypothesis' ' in relation to historic human depletion of krilleating fish, seals and whales.Positioned near the top of the food web, the dietary composition of Antarctic penguins and seals can be an excellent indicator of the regional food web and thus the status of the marine ecosystem. The dietary composition of modern penguins and seals has been well investigated; a long-term time series of data on penguin and seal diets, however, are rare. Such data, especially any predating the initiation of human harvesting of fish, whales and seals in Antarctica, are crucial for understanding and predicting responses of regional marine food webs to natural climate changes. Here we review recent progress on research of paleodietary change in Antarctic penguins and seals, specifically the Adelie penguin （Pygoscelis adeliae） and Antarctic fur seal （Arctocephalus gazella）. These studies indicate that the dietary changes of penguins correspond quite well with fluctuations in climate and sea ice extent during the Holocene. The depleted δ15N ratios found in modern Adelie penguins support the ＂krill surplus hypothesis＂ in relation to historic human depletion of krilleating fish, seals and whales.

关 键 词：气候变化 海冰面积 南极洲 企鹅 海豹 海洋生态系统 饮食结构 食物网 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学] P463[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P731.15