低压条件下燃油开闭口闪点变化规律的实验研究  

Experimental study of open and closed flash point of fuels at low pressure

作　　者：丁超[1] 周德闯[1] 张晓会 汪箭[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥230026 [2]亳州市第二中学,亳州236832

出　　处：《火灾科学》2014年第3期149-154,共6页Fire Safety Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(NO.51376172)

摘　　要：闪点是可燃液体的重要物性,同时也是衡量其火灾危险性的重要参数之一。随着航空火灾领域以及燃油运输使用的安全问题日益突出,研究可燃液体闪点与环境压力的关系尤为重要。利用全自动开、闭口闪点仪,通过低压舱模拟不同的环境大气压力,分别依据国家标准261-2008A(闭口杯法)和3536-2008(开口杯法)在大气压力33kPa^101kPa范围内进行了闪点测量,研究不同环境压力下,航空煤油和柴油开、闭口闪点的变化规律关系。实验结果表明,两种燃油开、闭口闪点均随环境压力降低(即海拔高度的升高)而下降,并且非线性拟合优于线性拟合。压力降低导致燃油火灾危险性显著提高。研究结果可为飞机油箱安全设计以及油品在高原环境中生产运输的防火管理提供科学依据。Flash point is one of the most important parameters to evaluate the fire risk of flammable liquids. As aviation fire and fuel transportation safety issues become increasingly severe, the relationship between flashpoint of flammable liquids and environmental pressure has become a great concern. In this work, an automatically open and closed-cup flashpoint tester was used to measure the flashpoints of Jet A and diesel at the atmospheric pressures of 33--101 kPa. The experiment was conducted in a low-pressure chamber, respectively according to the national standard 261-2008A （closed-cup） and 3536-2008 （open-cup） . Experimental results show that the open and closed cup flashpoints of Jet A and diesel decrease as decreasing ambient pressure （or increasing altitude）, and nonlinear fitting is better than linear fitting for describing the relationship. The decrease of ambient pressure results in significantly increased fire risk. The results provides a scientific basis for safety design of aircraft fuel tank and fire management in oil production and transport in the plateau environment.

关 键 词：低压 航空煤油 柴油 开闭口杯闪点 海拔 火灾危险性 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]