南大西洋深海沉积物中可培养放线菌的多样性  

Diversity of cultivable actinomycetes in deepsea sediments of the South Atlantic Ocean

作　　者：张玉便[1] 张改云[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所、国家海洋局海洋生物遗传资源重点实验室,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《应用海洋学学报》2014年第4期508-515,共8页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基　　金：国际海域资源调查与开发“十二五”重大资助项目(DY125-15-R-01)

摘　　要：探究了南大西洋深海沉积物中可培养放线菌的多样性,筛选药源活性次级代谢产物产生菌,为后续资源开发奠定基础.采用3种预处理方法及8种选择性培养基对南大西洋3个深海沉积物样品中的放线菌菌株进行选择性分离鉴定;利用兼并引物扩增法,选取代表菌株进行聚酮合酶(PKSⅠ、PKSⅡ)基因和非核糖体多肽合成酶(NRPS)基因的检测;以4株细菌为指示菌检测代表菌株的抑菌活性.共分离得到132株放线菌纯菌株,分布于放线菌亚纲的6个目、13个科、19个属中,其中有5个属为较新或较稀有种属,有2株为潜在新种.34株化合物合成基因检测菌中PKSⅠ基因、PKSⅡ基因呈阳性的比率均为17.64%,NRPS基因呈阳性的则为52.94%.抗枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)和抗副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)的菌株分别有47.06%和7.82%.南大西洋深海沉积物中放线菌资源丰富,存在较多潜在新分类单元,筛选到的活性菌株可用于后续药源活性次级代谢产物的分离.To investigate the diversity of cultivable actinomycetes in South Atlantic Ocean and screen actinomycetes with a pharmaceutical potential for producing biologically active secondary metabolites.Three different treatment approaches and 8 selective media were used to isolate actinomycetes from 3 sediment samples.Used degenerate oligonucleotide primers,representative strains were screened for genes encoding type I and type II polyketide synthases and nonribosomal peptide synthases by polymerase chain reaction.Antimicrobial activity was determined by observing bacterial growth inhibition.A total of 132 actinomycetes were isolated from 3 sediment samples collected from South Atlantic Ocean.The isolates can be assigned to 6 orders,13 families and 19 genera,in which strains YB250 and YB268 maybe 2 putative novel species.Nonribosomal peptide synthetase sequences were detected in most of the isolates（52.94%） whereas both PKS-I and PKS-II sequences were detected in only six out of the 34strains（17.64%）.Out of the 34 tested strains,16 strains（47.06%） exhibited inhibition activity against Bacillus subtilis and 3 strains（7.82%） against Vibrio parahaemolyticus.The deep-sea environments of South Atlantic Ocean harbour highly diverse actinobacterial communities,many of which appear to be novel candidate species.The actinomycetes having antimicrobial activity could be a promising source for antimicrobial bioactive agents.

关 键 词：海洋生物学 放线菌 深海 多样性 功能基因 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学]