大豆规模化转基因技术体系的构建及其应用  

Establishment and Prospect of Efficient Transformation Systems for Soybean

作　　者：侯文胜[1] 林抗雪[1] 陈普[1] 贾志伟 周扬[1] 于洋[1] 刘雁华 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家植物转基因技术研究中心,北京100081 [2]大北农生物技术中心,北京100193

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2014年第21期4198-4210,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2014ZX08010-004);中国农业科学院科技创新工程

摘　　要：大豆是最早进行转基因品种大面积商业化种植的作物,也是目前转基因品种种植面积最大的作物,在食品、营养、工业和医药领域发挥着重要作用。1996—2012年的17年间,全球共累计种植转基因大豆76 310万公顷,给种植户带来了约370亿美元的收益。2013年,共有11个国家种植了8 450万公顷转基因大豆,约占全球转基因作物种植面积的48%,大豆种植面积的79%。尽管抗除草剂转基因大豆已在全球市场占据了主导地位,但长期以来大豆的转基因技术体系一直未能实现重大突破,高效、稳定的转基因技术体系仍是开展转基因品种选育和基因功能研究的瓶颈因素。根癌农杆菌介导的子叶节转化系统和基因枪介导的体细胞胚转化系统是目前最为常用的大豆转基因技术体系。自1988年采用这两种方法几乎同时获得了首批可育转基因大豆植株以来,大量的研究工作者对其开展了改良和优化研究,实现了转化效率的提升和再生方式向胚性悬浮细胞等的拓展,在大豆农艺性状改良和基因功能研究中发挥了作用。文章综述了大豆转基因技术的主要研究进展和问题,比较了大豆不定芽器官发生再生途径、体细胞胚再生途径和原生质体再生途径的特点;归纳了根癌农杆菌和基因枪介导的大豆转基因体系构建研究的典型案例,总结了其在大豆基因型选用、外植体选材、再生方式、筛选策略等技术参数和转化效率。分析认为:尽管通过多年努力,目前,可用于大豆转化的基因型、外植体类型等均有了很大拓展,转化效率也得到了显著提高,在多个报道中获得了超过10%的转化效率,甚至出现了转化效率高达30%以上的研究报道。但这些转化效率数据多数是在样本量较小的试验中获得的,而且在同一研究报道中,不同转化操作重复间的转化效率差异往往很大;在单因素对比试验中获得的高转化效率,往往在Soybean [Glycine max （L.） Merr.] is the genetically modified （GM） crops that is earliest commercially planted on large scale. GM soybean is retaining its position as the GM crop occupied the largest scale globally with food, nutritional, industrial,＂nbsp;and pharmaceutical uses. From 1996 to 2012, total 763.1 million hectares GM soybean had been planted and by growing GM soybean, almost 37 billion US dollars income was brought to farmers. In 2013, about 84.5 million hectares of GM soybean were planted around the world in 11 countries which accounted for 48% of all the GM crops hectarage and 79% for soybean grown all over the world. Though herbicide-resistant transgenic soybean holds a leading market share in the world, soybean has been regarded as a recalcitrant crop to be transformed for many years. Efficient and stable transformation is a restrictive factor for production of transgenic soybean and gene function research. The most widely and routinely used transformation systems are cotyledonary node-Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and somatic embryo-particle-bombardment-mediated transformation. The first fertile transgenic soybean plants were produced nearly simultaneously by these two methods in 1988. Even after more than two decades, these two methods have continued to be improved and have produced most transgenic soybean plants. The transformation efficiencies of these improved protocols have been extended and the system was successfully adapted to embryogenic suspension cultures for the regeneration of fertile transgenic soybean plants. These ready systems enable us to improve agronomic characteristics or to analyze gene function in soybean by transgenic approaches. In this review, recent advances and problems in research of soybean transformation system were described, with a focus on the characteristics of soybean regeneration systems such as organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis and protoplasts system. The representative soybean transformation systems mediated byAgrobacterium tumefaciens a

关 键 词：大豆 转基因体系 转化效率 根癌农杆菌 基因枪 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]