红火蚁入侵对棉花粉蚧近距离扩散的促进作用  

Fire ant( Solenopsis invicta) invasion assists the short-range spread of another invasive insect,the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis

作　　者：周爱明[1,2] 梁广文[1] 曾玲[1] 吴段 许益镌[1] 陆永跃[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学红火蚁研究中心,广东广州510642 [2]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《生物安全学报》2014年第2期93-96,共4页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31101498);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB119206)

摘　　要：[背景]红火蚁与棉花粉蚧入侵到同一地区，因侵入生境重叠而相遇，进而产生互惠关系。这种互惠关系对红火蚁、棉花粉蚧的生存、扩散传播、入侵的意义和作用规律、机制等是需要解释的生态学问题。[方法]采用田问试验生态学的方法，通过迁移红火蚁蚁巢、向扶桑上接粉蚧等观察研究了红火蚁入侵对棉花粉蚧近距离扩散的影响。[结果]随着离蚁巢距离的增大，扶桑上工蚁数量逐渐减少，距离为1．0、2．0m时数量较多；发生该蚁区域距蚁巢2．0、3．0m扶桑感染粉蚧比率（75％、45％）显著高于无红火蚁区（25％、10％），其感染比率与工蚁数量呈显著正相关，符合方程Y=0．0042X＋0．1992。[结论与意义]红火蚁入侵促进了棉花粉蚧的近距离扩散，扩散范围在2—3m。研究结果可为深入了解红火蚁与棉花粉蚧协同入侵规律等提供支持。[ Background ] Mutually beneficial relationship between invasive organism can enhance the spread of both species. The red imported fire ants Solenopsis invicta Buren workers tend colonies of the cotton mealybugs Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley. This re- lationship may be mutually beneficial ： it can increase the food supply of ants, and ants may protect the mealybug colonies, or even assist their spread. [ Method] We performed manipulative experiments, by planting hibiscus plants in a cruciform arrangement, and inoculated the plants with the cotton mealybug. By appropriately placing fire ant colonies at various distances, we observed and re- corded the effect of the fire ant invasion on the cotton mealybug short-range spread. [ Result ] With increasing distance from the nest, the number of fire ant workers on hibiscus reduced gradually. The rates of hibiscus infected by mealybugs were 75% and 45% at 2 m and 3 m distances from the fire ant nests, respectively. These were significantly higher than rates （25% and 10% ） in areas with no fire ants. The infection rates for the hibiscus plants were significantly correlated with the number of the fire ants, and could be described by the equation： Infestation rate = 0.0042X （no. of fire ants） ＋ 0.1992. [ Conclusion and significance ] The results indicated that fire ant invasion facilitated the short range （2 ～ 3 m） dispersal of the cotton mealybugs, and provided the supporting data for in-depth understanding the co-invasion of the fire ants and the cotton mealybug.

关 键 词：红火蚁 入侵生物 棉花粉蚧 扩散 近距离 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学]