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作 者:吴碧球[1,2] 梁广文[1] 许益镌[1] 陆永跃[1] 曾玲[1]
机构地区:[1]华南农业大学红火蚁研究中心,广东广州510642 [2]广西农业科学院植物保护研究所,广西南宁530007
出 处:《生物安全学报》2014年第2期97-102,共6页Journal of biosafety
基 金:国家自然科学基金项目(305712427);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB119206)
摘 要:【背景】红火蚁入侵后对新发生地区生物多样性的影响及与土著物种的关系是入侵生物学研究的重点之一,解释红火蚁与类似生态位的土著蚂蚁的关系对全面了解该蚁入侵的生态学效应具有重要意义。【方法】通过野外模拟设置蚁巢,观察、记录距离红火蚁和黑头酸臭蚁蚁巢30 cm处诱集到的黑头酸臭蚁工蚁在红火蚁入侵前、入侵中及移除后的数量变化,研究短期入侵红火蚁实验种群与荒草地和荔枝园黑头酸臭蚁间的干扰竞争。【结果】红火蚁实验种群短期入侵对荒草地生境黑头酸臭蚁的干扰较明显,而对荔枝园生境黑头酸臭蚁的干扰较小;红火蚁未入侵荒草地生境黑头酸臭蚁受干扰最明显,移除红火蚁20 min后,处理诱饵上召集的黑头酸臭蚁数量才与入侵前差异不显著;红火蚁未入侵荔枝园生境黑头酸臭蚁受干扰最小,移除红火蚁仅5 min后,处理诱饵上黑头酸臭蚁数量就恢复到入侵前,甚至超过入侵前数量。【结论与意义】红火蚁入侵对黑头酸臭蚁的觅食行为存在较大的干扰抑制作用,其影响程度与生境的复杂性有着密切关系。研究结果可为了解红火蚁入侵的生态学效应提供证据。[ Background ] One of important problems in invasion biology is the influence of an invader on the biodiversity and its rela- tionship with the native species in the invaded area. To reveal the interaction between the invasive red fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) and the native ant species with similar niche is important for understanding the ecological effects of the fire ant invasion. [ Method] Interference competition between the short-term invasive S. invicta and native ant Tapinoma melanocephalum in wasteland and a ly- ehee orchard were investigated by recording the change of T. melanocephalum worker numbers, which recruited on bait placed near the two ants' nests. [ Result ] The number of T. melanocephalum workers reen,ited on bait was more influenced by S. invicta in waste- land than in a lyehee orchard. In un-infested wasteland, T. melartocephalum workers did not return to the bait when we removed S. invicta workers from the bait, even after 20 rain. Such interference was much lower in the lychee orchard : 5 minutes after the S. in- vieta workers were remvoed from the bait, the T. melanocephalum worker numbers surpassed the pre-invasive numbers. [ Conclusion and significance] Interference and inhibition on the foraging behavior of T. melanocephalum workers after the fire ant invasion were significant, and the negative impact was closely related to the complexity of the habitats. These results provided the scientific evi- dence for understanding the ecological effeets of the fire ant invasion.
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