杏采后当年播种培育育种植株技术研究  

Sowing Apricot Seeds in the Harvest Year to Generate Breeding Plants

作　　者：苑克俊[1] 王长君[1] 王培久[1] 李圣龙[2] 张毅[1] 刘伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000 [2]山东省泰安市林业局,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2014年第11期88-92,共5页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费资助课题(201003058-1-1)

摘　　要：杏果实采收后用赤霉素处理种子,在育苗基质中播种育苗,种苗带基质移栽于大田,及时灌溉,用窗纱网棚围盖。结果表明,当年播种的大部分品种出苗率高于55%,用纱网棚围盖等措施处理的种苗在生长末期比未用纱网棚围盖的对照种苗高,在杏果实采收当年可以获得健壮育种植株。在第2年,处理植株可采取接穗进行嫁接。第2年5月,嫁接植株生长量达到48.6~63.7 cm,处理植株高度达到59.6~81.5 cm,对照植株高48.5~59.3 cm,常规沙藏处理翌年播种培育的植株只有14.0~39.0 cm高。第3年,处理的部分种苗植株和嫁接植株结果,而对照种苗植株未结果。这些结果说明,采用纱网棚围盖杏种苗等措施有利于种苗生长发育,可显著加快育种进程。这是首次报道大田杏种子能在果实采后第3年获得结果植株。Fruit seeds could be sowed in the harvest year when coat-removed seeds were treated with gibberellin GA3, but the heights of obtained plants were not enough high. Some measures were used to increase plant heights in this paper, which included treating the coat-removed seeds with GA3, sowing the treated seeds in breeding medium, transplanting the generated plants with breeding medium, sheltering the transplanted plants with net tunnel and irrigation on time. The results showed that the heights of plants treated with net tunnel shelter were obviously higher than those of plants in open field. In the spring of second year, when seeds were sowed treated with conventional cold stratification, the plants treated with shelter could already be used to get scions grafted on stocks. In the May of second year, when the heights of plants in open field were 48.5 ~59.3 cm, the heights of plants treated with shelter reached59.6 ~81.5 cm, the growth increment of grafted plants also reached 48.6 ~63.7 cm, while the heights of plants generated from the seeds sowing in the spring of second year were only 14.0 ~39.0 cm. In the third year, flowers and fruits were found on some grafted plants and plants treated with shelter, no flower was found on the plants in open field and the plants obtained by conventional method.These results indicated that the above measures could be used to speed up breeding process.

关 键 词：杏 种子 赤霉素 嫁接 育种 

分 类 号：S622.2[农业科学—园艺学]